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Coal fly ash has been used to synthesize X-type zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized fly ash based zeolite (FAZ) has been characterized by various analytical techniques. Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) complexes of N,N-ethylenebis (salicylamide) encapsulated in the supercages of FAZ have been prepared by flexible ligand method and characterized by Fourier Transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Ultra Violet -Visible spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). These complexes have been found to catalyze the liquid phase hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide to yield catechol. It appears to be the first report of catalysis of metal complex encapsulated in fly ash based zeolite.

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The catalytic activity of CeO2 and palladium nanoparticles supported fly ash zeolite (CeO2/Pd@FAZ) for Csp2‐Csp2 bond formation was studied. CeO2/Pd@FAZ was characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDAX and TEM studies. In the Suzuki‐Miyauracross‐coupling reaction, biphenyl derivatives with excellent yields were obtained, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The catalytic activity was explored using a wide variety of diversely substituted aryl bromides and chlorides with aryl boronic acid under optimized reaction conditions. The recyclability of the catalyst was established for three cycles, with the conversion rate from 99 to 40%, which gained the advantage of heterogeneous catalysis.

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