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Dyes have been used in several industries, like paper-making, textiles, plastic, leather tanning, cosmetic and foods industries since Eighteenth century. Effluents containing dyes reduce the penetration of sunlight into natural bodies of water, thus leading to a decrease of both photosynthetic activity and the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The presence of dyes in watercourses is both aesthetically unacceptable and also toxic to aquatic ecosystem and human health. The effluent treatment technologies being used now a days for removal of dyes from wastewater includes coagulation, biological methods, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, membrane technology, electrochemical methods, nano technology etc. In this review, extensive information is presented with regard to different techniques adopted for dyes removal from the available literature.

Levels of toxins has increased in water due to the spurge of industries. Nickel (II) is mostly used in industries because of its anticorrosion behaviour. Nickel (II) is present in the effluent of electroplating, plastics manufacturing, fertilizers and mining industries. It causes detrimental effect on the human health as well as environment because of its toxicity, non-biodegradability and bioaccumulation. Adsorption technique has been investigated in many researches as an effective method for not only detoxifying but also recovering precious heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. In this review various agricultural biomass based adsorbents used for removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution, optimum parameters employed and their removal efficiency from wastewater have been explored.

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