Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are a serious challenge to patients’ treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-PE, investigate the associated resistance, and analyze the associated risk factors for acquisition of ESBL-PE.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy volunteers and inpatients. After obtaining informed consent, rectal swabs were collected from each participant for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae on Hektoen enteric agar containing 4µg/L cefotaxime. The Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified using biochemical tests and ESBL production was confirmed by the double-disc synergy test of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility test of each isolate was done by the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoints version 5.0.Results: During the study period, prevalence of faecal ESBL-PE among the study participants was 54.5% (103/189); 53.5% among healthy volunteers and 55.7% among inpatients (p=0.87). The major ESBL-PE isolates was Escherichia coli (71%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%). The isolates in hospitalized patients were resistant to norfloxacin (84.2%), cotrimoxazole (89.5%), and gentamicin (7.0%). The isolates from healthy volunteers were resistant to norfloxacin (86.2%), cotrimoxazole (82.8%), and gentamicin (1.7%).Gender, age, and previous antibiotic use were not significantly associated with carriage of ESBL-PE (p=0.51).Conclusion: The high prevalence of ESBL-PE in this study is worrying. There is an urgent need to develop measures to monitor and limit the spread of these multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare facilities and the community in Burkina Faso. Keywords: faecal carriage, ESBL-PE, healthy volunteers, inpatients, Burkina Faso
Objectifs: Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence du portage de Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline (SARM), d´identifier les types de résistances et d'en analyser les facteurs. Matériel et méthodes: Une étude transversale a été menée auprès des patients et des volontaires. Après leur consentement éclairé, des écouvillonnages nasaux réalisés chez des patients ont permis d'isoler et d'identifier les souches de Staphylococcus aureus par la méthode biochimique. La résistance à la méticilline et les résistances associées ont été déterminés par la méthode de diffusion des disques selon la norme du comité de l´antibiogramme de la société française de microbiologie. Résultats: Sur un total de 189 échantillons analysés ont permis d'isoler 10 SARM soit une prévalence globale de 5,29% (7,95% chez les patients et 2,97% parmi les volontaires) (p=0,24). La fréquence de SARM parmi les S. aureus a été de 27,77% dont 31,81% chez les patients et 21,42 % chez les volontaires. Les SARM ont été résistants à 100% et 66,67% à la norfloxacine et à 57,14% et 33,33% à l´érythromycine respectivement chez les patients et chez les volontaires. Cependant la gentamicine a enregistré une sensibilité de 100%. Le sexe, l'âge, la prise antérieure d'antibiotiques n'étaient pas associés au portage de SARM. Conclusion : Cette étude sur la prévalence de Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline rapporte des résultats inquiétants. Il y a une urgence à développer les mesures de surveillance de la diffusion de ces souches multirésistantes.
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