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Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant tumors. Preoperative radiological assessment is vital in understanding the extent of disease invasion and planning surgical management. This study is to analyze the role of DTI in assessing the different patterns of white matter involvement in patients with brain tumors. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in thirty patients with brain tumours who had undergone both conventional and diffusion tensor imaging. Based on the imaging, the white matter tracts surrounding the tumours were characterized as either displaced or infiltrated. All the medical records of the people diagnosed with brain tumors between February 2018 to February 2019 were reviewed. Results: A total of 30 subjects were included. The proportion of subjects with low grade and high-grade gliomas was 53.3% and 46.7% respectively. Diffusion tensor imaging had shown invasion in 17 (56.7%) of the subjects. Total resection was done in 17 (56.7%) of the subjects and the remaining 13 (43.3%) underwent subtotal resection. The incidence of all the postoperative complications was higher among subjects with invasion shown in DTI, but none of the differences have shown statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging is a very useful tool in the pre-operative assessment of white matter involvement in cerebral tumors. The people with invasion shown in pre-operative assessment are more likely to have post-operative neurological deficit.

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are one of the most frequently diagnosed infections worldwide, accounting for patient morbidity at any age group. It can affect both the upper and lower urinary tract. Over the past decade, a variety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods have been developed and applied to many renal diseases. Current advances in MRI techniques have enabled the non-invasive investigation of renal disease. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of MRI in diagnosing renal infections and compare the diagnostic performance and accuracy of MRI with Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) in characterising renal infections. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study, conducted on total 30 patients (age group 20-70 years, 6 males and 24 females) who came to the Department of Radiology of the institute from January 2019 to October 2019, with clinical suspicion of renal infections and showed positive radiological findings in CECT that were suggestive of renal infections. Magnetic Resonance- Kidney Urinary Bladder (MR-KUB) region was performed for all the patients by 128 slice CT scanner and 1.5 Tesla MRI scanners. Special sequences like Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) MRI were employed and images acquired were analysed radiographically and were reviewed to compare their ability to find various UTIs. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Descriptive statistics frequency and percentage and mean±SD was used for analysis of the collected data. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated to compare the tools. Results: The current study comprised of 30 patients with male to female ratio 1:4 and 46.66% patients from 41-50 years age group. MRI along with DWI showed sensitivity of 88.46% in detecting intrinsic parenchymal signal changes, and sensitivity of 100% in detecting abscess formation, intra/extra parenchymal, perinephric fluid collections, micro-abscesses, large foci of air and obstructive calculi, whereas it was less sensitive in detecting non-obstructive calculi and tiny air foci. Non-Contrast CT (NCCT) was able to diagnose renal infection in 12 out of 30 patients with sensitivity of 40%. Conventional MRI diagnosed renal infection in 21 of these 30 patients with sensitivity of 70%, DWI was able to show the changes in 27 patients with sensitivity of 90% in comparison to the cases prediagnosed with CECT. Conclusion: MRI has higher sensitivity than non-contrast enhanced CT for detection of renal infections. DW MRI is equally sensitive in detecting renal infections, compared to contrast enhanced CT, and is more sensitive compared to conventional MR imaging. DWI can also be used to differentiate pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and in early detection of micro-abscesses.

Tuberculosis (TB) and malignancy are two lethal diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) constitutes about 15 to 20 per cent of all cases of tuberculosis with lymph nodes being the most common site of involvement.1 Malignant transformation in pleomorphic adenoma lead to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). CXPA of the salivary glands, however, is relatively uncommon, accounting for 3.6 % of all salivary gland neoplasms and 11.7 % of all malignant salivary gland neoplasms.2 Here we report a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of submandibular gland which presented as a swelling in submandibular region along with generalized lymphadenopathy which mimicked widespread metastases but later on histologically showed tuberculosis. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 115-117

Aims & Objectives:To study the role of laparoscopy in diagnosing the unknown abdominal and pelvic pathologies. Methodology: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of surgery at RMMCH for the duration of 2 months. Results: This prospective study consists of 60 patients, in which most of the patients comes under the age group of 11-30 years. Majority of females were affected than male patients about 56.6%. According to the indications for diagnostic laparoscopy, number of patients for abdominal pain for evaluation was 50(83.4%) compared to other indications. More number of patients (13) were diagnosed with Koch's abdomen in regard to other diagnosis made after diagnostic laparoscopy. Most commonly used laparoscopic procedure was Biopsy in 33 patients. Among the patients who reported with diagnosis, in 10 patients pre-operative diagnosis confirmed, in 17 patients diagnosis has changed, in 6 patients no diagnosis could be made, and 27 patients were diagnosed after diagnostic laparoscopy. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is helpful in diagnosing and confirming an unknown case made on clinical and laboratory evaluation. It extensively reduces delay in operative intervention and also reduces morbidity and shortens the post-operative recovery interval. It's a low risk procedure and also provides diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic options.