White Blood Cell (WBC) cancer or leukemia is one of the serious cancers that threaten the existence of human beings. In spite of its prevalence and serious consequences, it is mostly diagnosed through manual practices. The risks of inappropriate, sub-standard and wrong or biased diagnosis are high in manual methods. So, there is a need exists for automatic diagnosis and classification method that can replace the manual process. Leukemia is mainly classified into acute and chronic types. The current research work proposed a computer-based application to classify the disease. In the feature extraction stage, we use excellent physical properties to improve the diagnostic system's accuracy, based on Enhanced Color Co-Occurrence Matrix. The study is aimed at identification and classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia using microscopic images of WBCs based on Enhanced Virtual Neural Network (EVNN) classification. The proposed method achieved optimum accuracy in detection and classification of leukemia from WBC images. Thus, the study results establish the superiority of the proposed method in automated diagnosis of leukemia. The values achieved by the proposed method in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and error rate were 97.8%, 89.9%, 76.6%, and 2.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the system could predict the disease in prior through images, and the probabilities of disease detection are also highly optimistic.

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Background: For patients with HER2+ breast cancer AC + H results in unacceptable cardiotoxicity requiring sequential administration. Substituting pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for doxorubicin in an adjuvant regimen may minimize the risk of cardiotoxicity and permit earlier integration of adjuvant H. Methods: In this multinational, open-label, parallel group trial, women ≥18 y with resected LN+, or high-risk LN- HER2+ breast cancer, were stratified by age (<55; ≥55 y) & randomized in a 1:2 ratio to: Arm A: A 60mg/m2 +C 600mg/m2 q21d x 4 (12 wk) followed by weekly T 80mg/m2 +H 2mg/kg (first dose 4mg/kg) x 4 (12 wk) or Arm B: PLD 35mg/m2 +C600 mg/m2 q21d + weekly H 2mg/kg (first dose 4mg/kg) x 4 (12wk), followed by weekly T 80mg/m2 + H2mg/kg x 4 (12wk). Subsequent treatment was H for a total of 1 y administered at investigator discretion. Primary objective was to determine the overall incidence of level 1 (cardiac death or severe heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) drop >10% to <50%) and level 2 (asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic with LVEF drop >10% to <50%) cardiac events during the 8 cycles of chemotherapy. This planned interim analysis reports on the first 90 of the accrued 180 pts completing 8 cycles of protocol treatment. The trial would be stopped by the IDMC if ≥ 10/60 pts in Arm B experienced an event during the 8 cycles of chemo+H. Results: Between 08/2007 and 08/2008 60 pts were randomized to Arm B and 30 to Arm A. 58 pts from Arm B were eligible for cardiac toxicity assessment (modified ITT). Baseline characteristics including age, BSA, ECOG status and NYHA class were balanced. No level 1 or level 2 cardiotoxic events were observed (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-6.2 vs 0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-11.6). There was a significant reduction in LVEF in arm A from baseline to the end of cycle 8 (p=0.017). The change in LVEF in arm B was not statistically significant (p=0.058). Adverse events included (Arm B vs A) Grade 1-4 alopecia (52.5% vs 76.7%), palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (PPE, 59.3% vs 3.3%), fatigue (50.8% vs 73.3%), rash (32.2% vs 6.7%), mucositis (33.9% vs 26.7%), nausea (54.2% vs 63.3%), diarrhea (37.3% vs 20.0%), stomatitis (32.2% vs 20.0%), cough (16.9% vs 36.7%) and myalgia (22.0% vs 30.0%). 8 (13.6%) vs 3 (10%) pts (Arm B vs A) experienced serious adverse events.ResultsArm B (N=58)Arm A (N=30)LVEF  Baseline %: Mean (SD)64.5 (6.92)65.5 (6.38)Cycle 5 (Week 13) %: Mean (SD)62.1 (4.85)63.3 (4.61)End of Cycle 8 (Week 25) %: Mean (SD)61.6 (7.30)60.3 (5.59)Cardiac toxicity rate  Level 1 Cardiac Events: % (CI)0.0 (0.0, 6.2) *0 .0(0.0, 11.6) *Level 2 Cardiac Events: % (CI)0.0 (0.0, 6.2)0 .0(0.0, 11.6)* Confidence interval is computed using the exact binomial method.Conclusions: Concomitant PLD+C+H as adjuvant therapy for HER-2+ breast cancer did not result in an increased cardiac events rate based on this interim analysis. The study completed accrual April 2009 and final analysis is planned mid-2010. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2085.

Metastasis at diagnosis is the single most important factor affecting prognosis. This was reflected in the present study where cases with metastasis exhibited a short mean duration of survival when compared to localized disease. It is likely that many cases of PNET/ES were not accurately identified in the past as IHC plays a vital role in the diagnosis of these small round blue cell tumours. IHC in adjunct with molecular studies has improved diagnostic accuracy. Multidisciplinary management and good supportive care when the lesion is localized has lead to improved survival.

Gastrointestinal malignancies are in general, infrequent among children and oesophageal carcinomas in particular are extremely rare among the paediatric age group. Small Cell Carcinoma of Oesophagus (SCC) is a highly progressive tumour and is associated with a poor prognosis and prone to early dissemination. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) occurs often (10%) as a paraneoplastic syndrome in small cell carcinoma of lung, its occurrence in SCC of oesophagus is very rare even in adults. We report a seven year old boy who had small cell carcinoma of oesophagus who also had SIADH.