No abstract

s211 status (RECIST 1.1 responder/non-responder) at a 6-month landmark, we performed Kaplan-Meier analysis of subsequent OS and sensitivity analyses. Time-dependent Cox regressions were also performed. Results: Overall response rate was 19% (56/292) for nivolumab and 12% (36/290) for docetaxel. The number of responders (non-responders) at 6 months was 49 and 26 (132 and 149) among nivolumab and docetaxel patients, respectively. For nivolumab, median post-landmark OS was 12.2 months (95% CI: 9.5-15.1) for non-responders and not reached (NR) (95% CI: 23.9-NR) for responders. For docetaxel, median post-landmark OS was 7.1 months (95% CI: 5.4-9.4) for non-responders and 13.8 months (95% CI: 11.1-28.7) for responders. The hazard ratio between responders and non-responders was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.15-0.39) in the nivolumab arm and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.34-0.88) in the docetaxel arm. Time-dependent Cox analyses showed significantly reduced responders' mortality, and the risk reduction was significantly greater for nivolumab than for docetaxel (p= 0.003). Sensitivity analysis using alternative landmarks yielded qualitatively similar findings. ConClusions: In CheckMate 057, response at 6-months was significantly and positively associated with subsequent survival in both arms; however, the relationship was stronger for nivolumab than for docetaxel. Additionally, non-responders to nivolumab showed a longer median post-landmark survival than non-responders to docetaxel. These findings support incorporating separate response-based survival curves by treatment arm in economic models, especially when comparing an I-O to a non-I-O treatment.

No abstract

Objectives: We examined the effect of patient centered medical home (PCMH) on health service expenditures and utilization in a national probability sample of US civilian noninstitutionalized adult population who were diagnosed with hypertension. MethOds: The 2010-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data were analyzed. Our study population was limited to noninstitutionalized US adults ≥ 18 years of age diagnosed with hypertension. We investigated the impact of PCMH on the direct hypertension-related total, inpatient, prescription medications, outpatient, emergency room, office based, and other medical expenditures by employing Log transformed multiple linear regression models and the propensity score method. Results: Of the 18,630 adults identified with hypertension, 19.2% (n = 3,583) had received PCMH care during 2010 to 2015. After matching, No PCMH group showed greater mean in all hypertension-related health service expenditures and utilization. After adjusting for confounders, PCMH group showed significant lower total, office-based, outpatient, number of office-based visits and outpatient visits compared with control group. cOnclusiOns: A significant relationship between experiencing PCMH care and a lower total health care expenditure were found among patient with hypertension. To reduce the overall cost of care for those patients, policy makers should implement new intervention strategies that are effective in facilitating the access to PCMH.

No abstract