In an inland environment, carbonation is the primary cause of initiation for potential corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete. This problem has been exacerbated over recent years by increased urbanisation and vehicular traffic, resulting in higher atmospheric carbon dioxide contents – a problem typical of economically active cities throughout the world. It is important that designers of reinforced concrete structures respond to these variations through appropriate specifications to ensure that structures perform satisfactorily over their intended service lives. This paper is part of a study undertaken to assess the carbonation of concretes exposed to a range of micro-climate variations in inland environments, particularly with variations in carbon dioxide content, temperature and relative humidity conditions with the intent of developing a prediction model for the rate of carbonation. Concretes samples were prepared using three binder types representing variations of blends with FA, GGBS and four w/b ratios ranging from 0.4 to 0.75 and subjected to different degrees of initial water curing (3, 7, 28 days). These samples were placed in three exposure conditions: indoors in laboratory air, outdoors sheltered from rain and sun and outdoors fully exposed to the elements. The depths of carbonation of these samples were monitored over a period of 24 months in order to determine the rates of carbonation. Concrete samples in the outdoor sheltered sites presented the highest rate of carbonation. Although samples in this exposure site carbonated faster, the risk of reinforcement corrosion is likely to be low because the samples are protected from direct moisture effect. Keywords: Carbonation, Corrosion, Reinforced concrete, Micro climate, Inland environments

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) find its application in various facets of life. Atmospheric contamination in the various elements of air leading to hazardous effects of global warming and acid rains can affect the well-being of a population. An air pollution monitoring system is therefore important to keep away from such adverse imbalance in nature. In the proposed paper, an attempt is made to develop a real time pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks (WSN). This WSN will monitor the profile concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a chosen location. With the rapid growth in the industries, which are the main sources of air pollutants, the problem of air pollution is becoming a serious concern for the health of the population. The concentration of one major air pollutant gases Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the air is sensed by the gas sensors. The sensor is properly calibrated as per the standard methods and the gas sensor is then incorporated with the wireless sensor motes using hierarchical cluster-based architecture.The node is expected to sense pollutants, convert, and process the magnitude of pollution to equivalent data output which is transmitted to the remote base station. The expected results would show data of the Nitrogen dioxide sensor for each location and graphical results. Research and suggestions have been offered by researchers for two decades and more on the increasing dangers of industrialization, population growth, influx of used vehicles popularly called ‘tokunbos’ as they pertain to the public health and adverse effects if not properly managed. The test findings of this work would show if the concentration of gaseous air pollutant like NO2 in a chosen location at a particular time poses a problem to humans and the environment. Keywords— Air pollution, Wireless sensor networks, Nitrogen dioxide, Environmental risk, public health, Hierarchical cluster-based architecture