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Summary Recently, due to its excellent performance with the limited resources the wireless sensor network (WSN) is a challenging research area. The WSN consists of the number of nodes and power resources with limited energy parameters, but it comprises few difficulties. The energy‐efficient distributed clustering (HEED) is an efficient routing protocol in recent years. This paper proposes IHCBW with interval type 2 fuzzy logic system‐based HEED (IIT2FLS‐HEED) method. We used the combination of cuckoo search (CS) and improved black widow optimization (IBWO) algorithms (IHCBW) for the selection of optimal residual energy selection. The optimal cluster heads (CHs) are chosen with the help of the interval type 2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS). Experimentally, the NS2 software handles the entire proposed work and its performance is evaluated with different kinds of performance evaluation. Moreover, 20 benchmark functions are used to validate the performance of the IHCBW algorithm. Finally, the proposed IIT2FLS‐HEED demonstrates better performance results in terms of homogenous, second, and third stage heterogeneous WSN.