Background The therapeutic armamentarium to treat adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) continues to evolve. With this rapid innovation, the comparative efficacy and safety of more recent advanced therapies remain unknown. Methods Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of advanced therapies for induction (6–10 weeks) and maintenance (44–54 weeks post-induction response) in adults with moderately-to-severely active UC. Efficacy was assessed separately in bio-naïve and bio-exposed populations by clinical remission (Full Mayo score [FM] of ≤2 with no subscore >1), clinical response (decrease from baseline in FM ≥3 points and ≥30% with decrease in rectal bleeding score [RBS] of ≥1 or absolute RBS ≤1) and endoscopic improvement (endoscopic score ≤1); ad hoc analyses were conducted on upadacitinib (UPA) RCT data to produce FM outcomes. Safety was assessed by discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and serious infections. Induction therapies included UPA 45 mg, adalimumab 160/80 mg, filgotinib 100 and 200 mg, golimumab 200/100 mg, infliximab 10 and 5 mg/kg, ozanimod 0.92 mg, tofacitinib 10 mg, ustekinumab (UST) 6 mg/kg, and vedolizumab (VED) 300 mg. The maintenance analysis included low and high maintenance doses of these therapies. Phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified via systematic literature review. Random effects models were used to account for expected heterogeneity in endpoints and study design. Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence were followed. Results Out of 31 RCTs identified, 23 were included (18 for induction and 14 for maintenance). Odds ratios vs. placebo (PBO), numbers needed to treat/harm, and surface under the cumulative ranking curve estimates are presented for efficacy in bio-naïve (Table 1) and bio-exposed (Table 2) populations and for safety in overall populations (Table 4). Intent-to-treat rates of maintenance efficacy outcomes adjusted by the likelihood of induction response show UPA to be consistently the most efficacious therapy (Table 3). There were no significant differences in serious AEs or serious infections for any advanced therapy vs PBO. For discontinuation due to AEs, only UPA had significantly lower odds vs PBO after induction, while UST and VED had significantly lower odds vs PBO after maintenance (Table 4). Conclusion In patients with moderately-to-severely active UC, UPA 45 mg induction and 30 mg maintenance appear more efficacious than other advanced therapies/PBO at inducing and maintaining clinical response, clinical remission, and endoscopic response, with no greater safety assessments vs PBO, over 1-year.

Background and study aims : To investigate the safety and efficacy of splenectomy for hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) patients with PLT less than 20 × 109/L. Patients and methods : A total of 244 HLD patients with hyper-splenism underwent splenectomy. According to the preopera-tive PLT values, the patients were divided into three groups : group A of 53 patients with PLT < 20 × 109/L ; group B of 92 patients with 20 × 109/L ≤ PLT ≤ 30 × 109/L ; group C of 99 patients with PLT > 30 × 109/L. General information including : blood cell counts, liver function , coagulation function 1 day before sugery and 1, 7, 14 days after surgery ; intraoperative blood loss ; operation time ; vital signs at the beginning, at 60 minutes and the end of the operation. Pressure and blood oxygen ; postoperative drainage ; postoperative complications and mortality. Results : Blood cell counts, liver function, and coagulation func-tion were improved after splenectomy in three groups (P<0.05) ; there was no significant difference in blood loss, operation time, vital signs during the operation, postoperative drainage, postoper-ative complications and mortality between three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion : For HLD patients with hypersplenism, it is safe and effective to conduct splenectomy under PLT < 20 × 109/L.