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The objective of this research is to produce the low-cost activated carbon from Jatropha curcas L. by chemical activation using zinc chloride ZnCl2. The effects of the impregnation ratio on the surface and chemical properties of activated carbon were investigated. The impregnation ratio was selected at the range of 1:1–10:1 for investigation. The optimum conditions resulted in an activated carbon with a carbon content of 80% wt, while the specific surface area evaluated using nitrogen adsorption isotherm corresponds to 600 m2/g.

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This research investigates using of poly (dimethylsiloxane-b-hydroxy ethyl acrylate) (PDMS-b-PHEA) diblock copolymer to stabilized TiO2nanoparticles in silicone fluid. The polar PHEA segment is expected to anchor on TiO2surface while the non-polar PDMS segment extends into silicone medium. To study effects of polymer structure on its stabilizing efficiency, PDMS-b-PHEA of structures 5-b-0.3, 5-b-1.1 and 8-b-1.0 are used. Results show that suspensions of particle with surface area ~40 and ~200 m2/g can be stabilized for longer than 1 and 7 hrs, respectively. The copolymer with relatively long PHEA and PDMS segments is highly effective as a dispersant. This is due to enhanced adsorption on particle surface and steric stabilization. However, in the system of 40 m2/g-TiO2, excess amounts could lead to polymer entanglement and particle agglomeration. The copolymer dispersant exhibits high efficiency for the 200 m2/g-TiO2suspension as well. In the latter system, higher concentration is required to effectively cover particle surface.