The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) on r-CBF (group A) and its protecting effect on focal ischaemic cell damage (group B). The pial arterial diameter and the r-CBF were measured with a width analyzer and with a laser Doppler flowmeter through a cat cranial window on the ectosylvian gyrus. The ischaemic area was measured histologically. We used intravenous injection of AChEI([-])(S)-N-ethyl-3-[(1-dimethyl- amino)ethyl]-N-methyl-phenylcarbamate, SDZENA 713, Sands Pharmacy) to block AChE. Twenty minutes after injection AChEI (0.6 mg/kg) the pial arteriole dilated 108.5 +/- 1.8% and the r-CBF increased 115.4 +/- 2.6%. The pial arteriole dilated maximally to 137.6 +/- 6.5% at 120 minutes after injection and the r-CBF increased maximally to 137.1 +/- 19.5% at 60 minutes after injection. The protecting effect was evaluated using cats and 1 hour of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Twenty minutes after injection of AChEI, the pial arteriole dilated to 116.7 +/- 2.4% and the r-CBF increased to 111.9 +/- 2.6% significantly. During MCA occlusion the r-CBF decreased to 24.7-41.4% in group B and 25.1-32.6% in sham group (group C). The pial arteriole dilated 145.0-184.0% in group C and 150.7-171.6% in group B during MCA occlusion and 30 minutes after reperfusion the pial arteriole returned to 120.0 +/- 3.3% in group C and 123.4 +/- 11.3% in group B. There were no significant changes in the r-CBF and the vessel diameter between group B and C during the 2 hours after reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A study was designed to investigate hyperperfusion syndrome after the restoration of normal cerebral blood flow in a chronically cerebral ischemic state resulting from high-flow arteriovenous malformations or severe carotid stenosis. A fistula between the left distal common carotid artery and the jugular vein was created and the left vertebral artery was simultaneously occluded in 44 cats to produce a chronic cerebral ischemic state. For control experiments, 10 cats underwent occlusion of the left common carotid and vertebral arteries. Six weeks later, pial arterial behavior, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and cerebral histological changes were investigated using three experimental methods. In the first, in which a fistula was occluded under normal conditions, pial arteries contracted to some 80% of the resting state; however, no BBB disruption or histological changes were observed. In the second experiment, in which a 20-minute occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery was performed in the cats with a patent fistula, a 30% to 40% dilated state of the pial arteries continued after recirculation, and BBB disruption-induced cerebral edema and infarction were observed. These findings were more prominent in the cats that underwent occlusion of the fistula. On the other hand, in the control group, the pial arteries returned to resting size within 40 minutes, and no BBB disruption or histological changes were observed. In the third experiment, in which moderate hypertension was induced for 1 hour, the pial arteries dilated much more remarkably; BBB disruption and cerebral edema were revealed to be more extensive in the cases of fistula occlusion than within those with a patent fistula. In the control group, however, the pial arteries contracted 10% during hypertension, while BBB disruption and histological changes were not evident. The results indicate that the perfusion pressure breakthrough threshold in the chronically ischemic brain may not be reduced by the restoration of normal blood flow, but may be decreased by the addition of new ischemic insults or hypertension.

Hormonal responses were assessed in men with prostate cancer (T2-4, Nx, Mx) who were randomized to receive either a single injection of goserelin 3.6 mg or leuprolide 3.75 mg. Testosterone increased over the first week, with a significantly higher mean rate of change of total testosterone (day 3) and free testosterone (days 3 and 7) with leuprolide. Following the initial rise in luteinizing hormone (LH), the rate of decrease in LH levels was significantly greater with goserelin by day 28. There are significant differences in endocrine response to goserelin and leuprolide in the 4 weeks following administration.

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Background and Purpose: TA3090 (Clentiazem) has been shown to have cerebrovascular protective properties in three experimental studies. An in vivo investigation was undertaken to determine its effects on pial arteries and cerebral blood flow and its therapeutic value in transient focal cerebral ischemia.Methods: This experiment was divided into two protocols. In the first, 200 or 400 ug/kg per hour TA3090 was administered continuously for 3 hours in cats without ischemic insult (n=6 for each group). The effects on pial arteries and cerebral blood flow were estimated. In the second protocol, 400 ,ug/kg per hour TA3090 (treated group, n=14) or physiological saline (control group, n=10) was administered 5 minutes before 1 hour of middle cerebral aretery occlusion in cats. The effects on the pial arteries and cerebral blood flow were observed continuously, followed by autoradiography for a quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow 5 hours after middle cerebral artery recirculation. The volumes of the cerebral edema and infarct were estimated by planimetry from cerebral preparations made for histological examination.Results: Pial arteries dilated by up to approximately 10%v in the 400-,ug group and 3% in the 200-p£g group 30 minutes after administration of TA3090. Increases in cerebral blood flow of about 10%o in the