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The nOtiOn Of 「 ' SiZe effeCt " iS Shown tO COntain inherent COnCeptUal diffiCU 且 tieS． A neW framework to be called 「 ' shape effect theory " ， incorporating 卜 鬮 shape ' 鬮 as a key variable in place of " size " ， is proposed to overcome those Clifficulties ． Several cases of pullout rupture of concrete anchors and flexural rupture ofbeams are analyzed satisfactorily using this frarne − work ． Furthe ore ， a hypothesis of " hidden dimensions " is proposed to alert to a possibility that an apparent size effect that is really a shape effect is related to some hidden dimensions in the object that are ignored in the theoretical model used for observation ． Keywords： size effect， shape effect ， volume effect ， brittle fracture ， pullout rupture ， flexural rupture

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