The chemicalization of agriculture is an important component of an integrated plant protection system to obtain stably high crop yields and provide food products to the rapidly growing population of the Earth. Seed dressing with fungicides is a determining element in the plant protection system, and systemic drugs give the best effect. The absence of such protection of cultivated plants can lead to a decrease in wheat productivity by more than 20% due to the development of Fusarium and Helminthosporious infection. At the same time, indicators such as protein content can decrease by 10.0%, and gluten - by 8-10%. Therefore, it is very important to develop the scientific basis for the preparation of complex preparations with a low consumption rate of the active substance and the inclusion of biological products, including plant growth regulators, which enhance the growth processes and yield of the main crop. In recent years, areas for the modification of known and practiced fungicides using various methods, including methods of mechanochemistry, are promising. At the same time, high permeability of active substances is achieved both due to auxiliary substances (in particular, polysaccharides), which increase the solubility of drugs, and by adding surfactants and other formative components to the formulations. The review of the literature on the development of alternative preparative forms of fungicidal preparations based on triazole derivatives and known fungicides, as well as their biological activity, is presented.

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

Harvesting of flax for fiber and seed production is carried out depending on the specific conditions by different technologies: direct, separate and factory. A technical and technological study of separate harvesting of flax fiber by improving the basic conceptual scheme of the picker-combing machine is presented. The traditional technologies of harvesting flax fiber and technical means that ensure the implementation of technological operations related to the separate technology of harvesting are considered. Disadvantages of the technical means used in the separate harvesting technology of flax fiber are revealed. They consist in varying degrees of impact of threshing and separating combing bodies of harvesting machines of both rake and rotor type on the stems, which causes uneven curing along their length and leads to the deterioration of fiber quality, reduction of the number of extra valuable long fiber and losses of the seed part of the crop. A conceptual scheme of the basic threshing and separating device of a roll-fulling type for separate technology of flax fiber harvesting by improving the picker- combing machine is proposed. The proposed device variant provides simultaneous threshing of flax fiber strips and creates favorable conditions for quality curing of straw to the state of flax straw simultaneously along the entire stalk length by its uniform conditioning in the gaps between the rubberized rollers. The combing header equipped with a threshing and separating device of the roll-fulling type allows to separate the seeds from the uncombed flax strip regardless of the location of the seed part relative to the movement direction of the harvesting machine. Versatility, simplicity and wide range of application of the threshing and separating device of the roll-fulling type are reasonable to use when designing machines for harvesting flax fiber for direct, separate and factory harvesting technologies.

The results of the study to determine the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of medium-early variety Novosibirskaya 31 with biopreparations are presented. The scientific experiment was conducted in the forest-steppe conditions of the Priob'ye region in 2019-2021. The effect of biological preparations on the development of fungal diseases of wheat and on the main parameters of sowing: the density of plants, their height and biomass, flag leaf area, ear structure and grain yield were studied. With the increase of root rot during the growing season from 1,3 to 3,4% to the phase of bushing and up to 10,0% by the end of the growing season the efficiency of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin and Scarlet bio-detergent was 32, 53 and 56% at the beginning of the growing season and 21, 27 and 36% - in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain. Trichodermin and Sporobacterin preparations were moderately effective against septoriosis (40 and 34%), against powdery mildew (29 and 24%), and the disinfectant Scarlet suppressed leaf infections by 51 and 43% against 9.3% and 9.0% of the control. The length of the wheat sprouts in the phase of the 2nd leaf in the variants of Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, Scarlet was greater than the control by 7.6; 11.1 and 4.6%. The greatest growth-stimulating effect was observed when the seeds were treated with Sporobacterin. In the phase of milk-wax ripeness the density of the wheat plants increased compared to the control by 8,3, 21,7 and 15,2% respectively, the productive stem structure was higher when using biopreparations by 15,2%, Scarlet dressing - by 17,4%. The grain harvest increased relative to the control (2.31 t/ha) in Trichodermin and Sporobacterin variants by 0.30 and 0.37 t/ha, Scarlet - by 0.22 t/ha. As a result of seed treatment with Scarlet the grain was obtained with protein content of 13,25%, while application of biofungicides Trichodermin, Sporobacterin increased it by 0,14 and 0,28% relative to the control (13,3%). As a result of the studies, it has been shown that the biopreparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin are able to contain the development of diseases at a relatively low level, slightly inferior to the chemical preparation. With their growth-stimulating properties, they can provide grain yields even higher than when using a dressing.

The study was carried out in laboratory conditions and in the field experiment in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The protective effect of seed treatment with biofungicides Trichodermin and Sporobacterin in combination with spraying wheat crops with Fitosporin against root rot, the growth effect in the synergism of the biological properties of drugs was studied. It is shown that under the greening growth conditions of wheat, it is possible to replace the combination of chemical treatments with biological ones while maintaining a high level of productivity. The mechanism of influence of some combinations of drugs, revealing the peculiarities of biochemical processes in the cells of flag leaves of plants, on the forecast of productivity at the early stages of plant development has been revealed.