The purpose of the study is to analyze the variant anatomy of renal veins forming its venous vessels and inflows. In total, 142 corrosion casts of the human kidney venous system were produced followed by 3D stereomorphological analysis to identify the sources of renal veins forming its venous vessels and inflows. It is revealed that in general the main renal vein is formed at a fusion of two (57.8 %) or three (31.0 %) venous inflows with statistical significance р ≤ 0.05. In cases of renal vein formation from two venous inflows, in 32.4 % of cases it is upper and lower pole venous inflows, and in 25.4 % -dorsal and ventral venous inflow. In cases when the renal vein is formed from three venous inflows in 15.5 % of cases it is central, upper pole and lower pole venous inflows, in 8.4 % of cases it is upper pole, lower pole and dorsal central venous inflows and in 4.2 % of cases it is lower-pole, ventral and dorsal venous inflows. The frequency of other options of the main renal vein formation did not exceed 5 % of cases. The studies also showed the individual variability of angioarchitecture of the venous kidney system as a whole, namely the presence of various links, the variability of which depends not only on the formation of renal vein from the corresponding venous inflows, but also on the types of scattered or main fusion of intra-organ venous inflows, on which the level of drainage abilities of the entire venous kidney system will also depend.