Sowing if one of the key operations in the technology of cultivation of grain crops. Analysis of existing studies show that the most important reserve for sustainable grain production is the introduction of new methods of sowing, sowing machines and their working bodies. In modern conditions, resource-saving sowing technologies are widely used. In resource-saving technology, high-quality sowing characterizes the uniformity of seed distribution over the feeding area and the seeding depth, considering the soil and climatic conditions of Buryatia. In studies on the agronomic justification of sowing methods, the influence of row spacing, distribution uniformity and uneven sowing of seeds on the yield of spring wheat of the local variety “Buryatskaya-79” was studied. At the same time, comparative tests of serial and improved coulters of seeders of the SZ type were carried out. It was revealed that in the dry steppe, with a seeding rate of 4-5 million grains/ha, a row spacing of 7.5-15 cm is allowed, with 3 million grains/ha - 45 cm; with a row spacing width of 45 cm, there is an increase in separate harvesting losses; uniform seed placement during strip sowing has significant advantages compared to the usual row seeding method with the existing seeding rate.

The paper presents the results of studies of grain crops row sowing method agrotechnical indicators after the modernization of the working bodies of the SZS-2.1 seeder-cultivator. The SZS-2,1 stubble cultivator seeder has found wide application in the arid regions of the Republic of Buryatia, whose soils are prone to wind erosion. This seeder provides a combination of pre-sowing cultivation, sowing grain crops, applying mineral fertilizers to the sown rows and rolling them on stubble backgrounds, that is, in fields that have been processed since autumn with flat-cutting tools or have not been cultivated at all. Sowing with these seeders with 23 cm row spacing in a row method is the main method of sowing spring wheat in the soil conservation agriculture system. Routine sowing on soils of light texture, subject to wind erosion, causes thickening of plants in a row, which leads to irrational use of the feeding area by plants, increased weediness of crops between rows and, ultimately, to a decrease in yield. A distributor for the coulter has been developed, where the seeds are fed to the distributor. Then, reflecting from the distributor, the seeds are evenly dispersed in the opener under the plow space. Also, instead of serial wedge-shaped packer rollers, ring-spur rollers of the 3KSH-6 type are installed on the seeder. In addition, continuous rolling provides the necessary contact of seeds with the soil, preserves soil moisture and helps to attract it from the lower layers. Thus, the modernization of the SZS-2.1 seeder made it possible to substantiate subsurface-spread strip sowing with continuous rolling, which ultimately led to an increase in grain yield by 10-15%.