The influence of preparations of phytohormone gibberellin and antigibberellin–retardants tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride – on the germination of plant seeds with different types of reserve compounds in the light (photomorphogenesis) and in the dark (skotomorphogenesis) was studied. It was established that under the action of gibberellin, stimulation of the aboveground part and root system growth of maize, beans and pumpkin seedlings was more intensive in comparison with the control. This process was faster in the dark. The use of tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride significantly inhibited the process of germination both in the light and in the dark. At the same time, the coefficient of the use of reserve substances was maximal under the action of gibberellin, and minimum under the action of retardants, both under the conditions of skoto- and photomorphogenesis. The change in the growth characteristics and the coefficient of the use of reserve substances of bean seeds was accompanied by a decrease in the content of total nitrogen, indicating the use of reserve nitrogen-containing compounds in the processes of morphogenesis. The content of protein nitrogen in the control was lower under the conditions of skotomorphogenesis than in the photomorphic seedlings, and the opposite effect was noted for the actions of gibberellin and the retardant. In the later stages of germination, the largest reserve oil of pumpkin seed remained in cotyledonary leaves of photomorphic plants under the effects of chlormequat chloride, which clearly correlated with the least intense growth rates of seedlings in this variant, both in the light and darkness. Under conditions of skotomorphogenesis the growth stimulating effect of gibberellin significantly increased, and the light blocked the action of this phytohormone.

<p>We studied the action of synthetic growth stimulator (treptolem) on the morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, redistribution of assimilates, and nutrients between organs of oil poppy (<em>Papaver somniferum</em> <em>L.</em>) in ontogenesis, productivity and structure of crop. Optimization of production process of oil poppy under the influence of growth stimulator is realized through the source-sink relation system of the plant. Obtained results testify the essential role of morphological and mesostructural components in regulation of source-sink relation system of oil poppy. Appplcation of treptolem’s growth stimulating contributed the formation of more powerful donor sphere and increased the number and mass of leaves, the area of leaf surface and the leaf index. It was found that the reason of such morphological changes caused significant increase in branching of the stem by the action of treatment. The intensification of donor function poppy plants by treptolem also occurred as a result of mesostructural changes in the leaves. Treptolem application induced formation of a more powerful layer of chlorenchymes - the main photosynthetic tissues of plant, linear sizes of chlorenchymal cells and chlorophylls content increased in them. In that case, the intensification of growth processes at the beginning of vegetation under the influence of preparation led to forme a more powerful donor potential of the plant per unit of cenosis area, which created prerequisites to increase the productivity of culture. It was found that the consequence of such changes was an increase of the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (sugar + starch) in vegetative organs of treated variant in compared with the control of intense growth. Treatment showed apparent branching of the stems, that induced a larger number of flowers and fruitcases were laid an increase of acceptor capacity of plant. The result of these changes was determined by more intensive flow of nonstructural carbohydrates on the formation and growth of fruits in the variant with treptolem. In the flowering phase in the roots and leaves of plants, it was observed the highest content of nitrogen that during the formation and growth of the fruit was remobilized on the carpogenesis process. At the same time, the more intensively use of nitrogen by the vegetative organs of the poppy plants to form the fruitcases was in the variant with treptolem. It was noted the lower levels of phosphorus in the leaves and potassium in the vegetative organs of oil poppy in the variant of treptolem treated plant. It testifies that preparation treatment contributed to the more intensive reutilisation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds in fruit formation. The intensified flow of assimilates and nitrogen-containing compounds together with nutrients to a greater number of implanted fruits provided the growth of crop yields (by increase in the number of cases, the mass of seeds in case, and the mass of a single seed). It is confirmed that there is negative correlation between accumulation of oil and content of nitrogen. It was established that application of treptolem increased the content of unsaturated higher fatty acids in oil poppy. An important practical result of the research should be considered that treptolem treatment increased the content of alkaloids in the seeds of poppy plants, which could e useful in pharmacological industry. We proved that treptolem application during the budding period on the poppy seed leads to increase the yield of crop due to optimized morphological structure of plant, the mesosurface structure of leaf; it is also increased the potential trapping due to the laying and formation of a greater number of fruits.</p>

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Вплив інгібіторів росту на листковий апарат маку олійного Cтепан ПоливанийВінницький державний педагогічний університет імені Михайла Коцюбинського, Вінниця, Україна Адреса для листування: stepan.polivаniy@ukr.net Отримано: 15.09.18; прийнято до друку: 14.10.18; опубліковано: 26.12.18 Резюме. В умовах польового досліду вивчали вплив хлормекватхлориду та фолікуру на морфологічні особливості формування листкової поверхні й анатомічні показники листків рослин маку олійного. Показано, що обробка рослин маку інгібіторами росту приводить до посилення галуження стебла, збільшення кількості, маси, площі листків на рослині та тривалості їх життя. Такі зміни можуть сприяти подовженню синтезу й накопиченню асимілятів й мати позитивний вплив на врожайність культури. Протягом періоду вегетації, незалежно від погодних умов, кількість листків в оброблених ретардантами рослин була більшою, ніж у контрольних і, відповідно, на кінець вегетації становила у варіанті з хлормекватхлоридом *19,18±0,59; із фолікуром -*18,62±0,45, проти контролю, де кількість листків дорівнювала 16,53±0,39. Більш ефективним було застосування розчину хлормекватхлориду, порівняно з фолікуром. Аналогічну тенденцію простежимо за дії регуляторів росту на площу листкової поверхні, котра зростала у всіх варіантах дослідження.Використання ретардантів четвертинної амонієвої солі хлормекватхлориду й триазолпохідного препарату фолікуру призводило до потовщення основної асиміляційної тканини листка хлоренхіми внаслідок розростання її клітин, а також сприяло збільшенню чисельності продихів і загальної їх площі на одиницю поверхні листка.Формування потужнішого листкового апарату забезпечило підвищення продуктивності рослин маку олійного. Установлено, що застосування антигіберелінових регуляторів росту призводить до позитивних змін у структурі врожаю -збільшення кількості коробочок на рослині, насінин у плодах, маси самого насіння. Це сприяло зростанню продуктивності рослин маку олійного й, отже, у варіанті із застосуванням хлормекватхлориду врожайність становить *895,43±10,35 кг/га, фолікуру -*869,52±11,52 кг/га, проти контролю, де продуктивність дорівнювала 812,66±9,64кг/га. Ключові слова: мак олійний (Papaver somniferum), регулятори росту рослин, хлормекватхлорид, фолікур, мезоструктура листків, морфогенез.Abstract. During the field experiment we studied the effect of chlormequat-chloride and folikyr on the morphological peculiarities of the leaf surface formation and the anatomical indices of the leaves of the oilseed Розділ ІІ. Ботаніка Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin Series: Biological Sciences, 2018, 8 (381) 12 http://journalbio.eenu.edu.ua poppy plants. It is proved that the treatment of oilseed poppy plants with growth inhibitors leads to strengthening in the branching of the stem, the increase in the number, leaves' mass and area and the duration of their lifespan. Such changes can contribute to the prolongation of synthesis and accumulation of assimilates, and they can also have a positive impact on crop yield....