High adjuvant reactogenicity is the main limitation for increasing the effectiveness of vaccine therapy. The aim was to reduce the immunotoxicity effects of complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) in warm-blooded animals. Materials and methods. The study examined Wistar rats by dividing animals into negative control (solvents); positive control (single subcutaneous CFA injection of 0.1 ml/200 g body weight (b.w.)); the minimum and maximum (per os administration of 1:4 citric and succinic acids in ratio of 17 and 88 mg/kg b.w. during 4 weeks after immunization of CFA) experiment. Body weight, hematological (complete blood count) and biochemical (hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity) parameters were dynamically investigated. At the end of the experiment, necropsy was performed and the relative internal organ mass coefficients were calculated. The spleen and connective tissue (knee joint) were examined histologically. The median, C25C75 quartiles, MannWhitney U-test were calculated. Results and discussion. it was found that parameters examined were within normal range in animals of negative control group. Immunization of warm-blooded animals with CFA was accompanied by transition of acute-to- chronic inflammatory reaction (week 3 and week 7, respectively). The total leukocyte count increased from 12.5 109 (negative control) up to 26.6 109/L (P = 0.01) on week 3 followed by its decline down to 19.2 109/L (P = 0.01) by week 7. Platelet count also increased significantly: from 506 109 (negative control) up to 656 109/L (P = 0.01, week 3) followed by decrease down to 610 109/L by week 7 (P = 0.01). Activation of lipid peroxidation was manifested by malondialdehyde (MDA) level elevated by 55.861.8% (P = 0.01); the general CFA-related toxic effect resulted in 11.7% weight loss (P = 0.01), spleen swelling and thymus reduction. Administration of antioxidant acids led to a dose-dependent decline in inflammation (leukocyte count at the minimum dosage 19.6 10920.9 109/L; at the maximum 16.6 10916.0 109/L), as well as normalized the platelet/leukocyte index up to 29.536.3 (positive control 24.6, negative control 40.5). The acid-related protective effect was also manifested as maintained body weight, activated catalase and inhibited lipid peroxidation. The therapeutic effect in alleviated degenerative changes in the spleen and connective tissue were revealed: reduced hemorrhagic focuses and swelling as well as preserved histoarchitectonics. Conclusion. The use of citric and succinic acids contributes to profoundly lowered CFA toxicity due to increased total antioxidant status, inhibited lipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial metabolic activity, which ultimately lead to a decline in general systemic inflammation and allows to recommend such acids as immunoprotectors from oil adjuvant-coupled effects.

The aim is to study the combined effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on the genetic cell apparatus, to assess the possibility of correction of the genotoxic effect of the immunomodulator. Using Ford-Hamerton method the cytogenetic effects of the antibiotic Ceftriaxone (450 mg / kg) on the background of cadmium chloride (1 х 10-3M), lead acetate (1 х 10-3 M) and imunofan (0.004 mg/kg) were estimated on marrow cells of 102 male rats of Wistar population. Results. Imunofan showed antimutagenic effect: the number of chromosomal aberrations compared with the negative control (1.5 ± 0.50) % decreased 3 times (0.50 ± 0.29) %; the genome protection coefficient (Fp) was 66.67 %. The expression coefficient of the mutagenic effect of Cd (II) is 3.5 units, the number of chromosomal aberrations - (5.3 ± 0.91)%; the expression coefficient of the mutagenic effect Pb (II) was 3 units; the number of chromosomal aberrations - (4.5 ± 0.85) %; p < 0.001. Ceftriaxone in the maximum therapeutic dose had mild mutagenic properties: the expression coefficient of the mutagenic effect -2.2 units; the number of chromosomal aberrations (3.3 ± 0.73) %. In the variants [Pb (II) + ceftriaxone] and [Cd (II) + ceftriaxone], the mutagenic effect increased in comparison with the mono-effect of substances: the expression coefficient of the mutagenic effect, respectively 3.9 and 4.1 units; the number of chromosomal aberrations - (5.86 ± 0.95) %; p

The use of effective plant test-objects in hygienic monitoring allows obtaining an integrated assessment of the anthropogenic and technogenic impact on the initial chain of the trophic level, which contributes to the adoption of measures to reduce risks to human health.The aim of the study is the scientific substantiation of the effectiveness of using evergreen plants as test systems for assessing the safety of the environment from priority pollutants-heavy metals.Material and methods. The research was conducted in Vladikavkaz city, where “Elektrotsink” (Pb - Zn - Cd production), “Pobedit” (W - Mo - Re - Co-production), “Gazoapparat” (electroplating), “Kristall” (production of copper-nickel alloys) and others plants are located. The objects of research were the three most represented types of evergreen plants: Picea abies, Picea pungens, and Thuja occidentalis, widely used in urban gardening. Young and old needles were taken from the trees. The collection districts corresponded to relatively clean areas and areas with increased anthropogenic pollution. The concentration of heavy metals was determined by using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer “Kvant-2A”. We calculated the average value and the standard error of the average, the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results. Heavy metals were detected in all plant species (regardless of districts for sample collection) in concentrations: Cd: 0.035-2.0; Pb: 0.34-19.7; Cu: 0.006-4.48; Zn: 0.014-449.1 mg/kg. It was proved that the species have a similar tropism to the same elements (correlation coefficients from 0.78 to 0.91); the accumulation of metals in old needles relative to young ones is characterized by a direct relationship for Zn&gt;Pb&gt;Cd (kZn - 1.71, kPb - 1.58 kCd - 1.27) and the reverse for copper (kCu - 0.96).Conclusion. Patterns of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of evergreen plants identify the degree of anthropogenic impact on the environment and determine the prospects for using Picea abies, Picea pungens, and Thuja occidentalis as a sensitive indicator for assessing the safety of plant species.