Annotation. A review of scientific publications on the problems of chronic wounds and issues of innovative use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of patients with chronic wound defects is presented. We have conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Google Scholar database articles over the past 34 years (1985–2019), more than half of which over the past 5 years. The search terms “chronic wound”, “mesenchymal stem cells” were used during the search. It should be noted that despite the fact that the treatment of wounds and wound infection belongs to the category of the oldest branches of medicine, the treatment of chronic wounds in Ukraine today remains one of the important problems in the treatment of inflammatory soft tissue diseases. None of the many proposed methods and techniques for the treatment of chronic wounds satisfies practical surgeons completely. The results of the treatment of chronic wounds to date remain unsatisfactory. Prospects for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic wounds is important and further research.