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pancreatitis with disconnected duct syndrome (5; 6%), adenocarcinoma (3; 4%) and other (10; 11%). In patients with adenocarcinoma, the diagnosis was made postoperatively and completion distal pancreatectomy was done few weeks later. The mean operative time was 183 (90-285), the mean blood loss 107 (0-800), one transfusion (1%), and one conversion (1%) in the early experience. The pancreas was hard in 37 patients (46%). No 90 days mortality and the overall morbidity was observed in 58 patients (72%) including grade B/C pancreatic fistula (21; 26%), bleeding (10; 12%) which was severe in 5 (6%), drained collection (2; 3%), delayed gastric emptying (2; 3%), reintervention (5; 6%), and pulmonary complications (3; 4%). the mean hospital stay was 22 days (5-54) with readmission in 2 (2%). The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 3 (0-19) including 18 (22%) patients with zero harvested lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were only invaded in patients who turned to have adenocarcinoma. Resection was R0 in 71 (88%) patients. Conclusion: The applicability of laparoscopic central pancreatectomy is high and the morbidity is acceptable. There is a real advantage on the preservation of the pancreatic function and abdominal wall in these young patients with no malignancy.

Lower leg exercises are impacted by the anatomy of the triceps surae-Achilles tendon complex. Such exercises may utilize series elastic energy (SEE), temporarily stored within the Achilles tendon, to augment forces exerted by the triceps surae. While SEE's contribution to bipedal jumping and walking have been assessed, other lower leg exercises yet to receive similar scrutiny include seated calf presses done on flywheel-based hardware. Current subjects did two identical calf press workouts on a flywheel ergometer. The following three variables were obtained from workouts–the total work (TW) performed, net energy costs, and peak blood lactate concentration ([BLa−]). With multivariate regression, four variables correlated with each criterion measures’ variance–lower leg length (LLL) and cross-sectional area (CSA), as well as the lengths of the triceps surae (ML) and Achilles tendon (ATL). Our predictor variables correlated to significant amounts of TW and net energy cost, but not [BLa−] variance. Univariate matrices showed CSA was the best overall predictor for our criterion measures, while ML and ATL were generally weaker correlates. ATL did not have as great an impact as with other lower leg exercises; likely because the slow rate of ankle joint movement greatly limited SEE activity. The limited degree of foot support for ergometer repetitions was also a factor that likely weakened ATL's impact as a correlate. More research on anatomy's impact on this novel form of exercise is warranted.

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