E- nose system is mainly used to ensure the qualitative analysis of microbes accumulated in the water and air. It is an authoritative tool to evaluate the odour compounds during the quality control process. Our aim of the project is to use the E-Nose system for finding the E-coli Bacteria in the public water supply sources for drinking purposes. As the instrument for detecting E-coli Bacteria is not available, and hence we construct an instrument with a sensor having computer connectivity. This work is deliberated to measure the microbial contamination in water segregation system in metropolis and municipalities. However, the range of limits to all factors are associated to sensor with respect to the conventional methods of micro-organism detection. The collection of water from pond at sirudhavoor village in Chengalpattu district. In this sensor system, using an embedded PIC microcontroller is used to detect and quantify the microbial contaminants. The results of this analysis will give the details of CO2 and its bacterial density in drinking water.

BACKGROUND Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) contributes majorly for increasing morbidity and mortality in patients on ventilator. Its incidence increases with the duration of mechanical ventilation. Hence, it requires a rapid diagnosis and initiation of an appropriate antibiotic therapy, if not it will lead to emergence of drug resistant pathogens and poor prognosis in these patients. AIMS To confirm VAP by Clinico-Pulmonary Infection Score. To assess the spectrum of aerobic bacteria in endotracheal aspirates of patients on ventilator. To evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates and detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. To guide the clinicians in formulating an appropriate antibiotic policy, which will help prevent the emergence of multidrug resistant strains in MICU. SETTINGS AND DESIGN An observational cross-sectional study. METHODS The study enrolled 110 patients on mechanical ventilator for >48 hours, in MICU for 1 year. Semi-quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates were done to differentiate colonizers from pathogens and a count of ≥ 10 5 colony forming units/millilitre was considered significant. RESULTS Ventilator associated infection rate was found to be 16.67/1000 ventilator days. The incidence of aerobic gram negative bacteria was 84.6% predominantly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Acinetobacter species. Among the gram positive isolates (15.4%), Staphylococcus aureus was most common followed by Streptococcus species. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were multi-drug resistant with relatively higher sensitivity to β lactam-β lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems and aminoglycosides. ESBL production was detected amongst K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test; 53.8% K. pneumoniae isolates and 50% E. coli isolates showing significant growth were ESBL producers. S. aureus showed methicillin resistance in 28.6% of the isolates and 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid and clindamycin.

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