The investigation was carried out to determine the possible phytochemical constituents from aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Turnera subulata leaf extracts. Among the phytochemical screening of these extracts, Methanolic extract showed that the leaf was rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and quinones. The chemical composition of the plant leaf extract of T. subulata was investigated using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (Agilent-7890A GC instrument coupled with MS-5975) and NIST-MS library. GC-MS analysis of T. subulata plant leaf extract, revealed the existence of the GC-MS chromatogram of the major peaks presented in methanolic extract like Methyl 8,11,14-heptadecatrienoate (23.244%), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-,methyl ester (8.654%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.654%), 4H-Pyran4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (6.598%), 1b,4a-Epoxy-2H-cyclopenta[3,4] cyclopropa[8,9]cycloundec[1,2-b] oxiren-5(1aH)-one(5.400%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1- ol(5.400%), etc. From this study it is obvious that T. subulata leaf extract contains many biologically active compounds and also it gives a detailed insight about the phytochemical profile which could be exploited for the development of plant based drug.

Withania*somnifera*(L)*Dunal*(Solanaceae),*commonly*known*as*Aswagandha,* is* one* of* the* most* valued* medicinal* plants* with* a* number* of* pharmaceutical* applications.* The* roots* are* the* main* portion* of* the* plant* used* in* herbal* medicine.* Root* extracts* of* W.* somnifera* are* commonly* used* as* a* remedy* for* variety*of*ailments*and*a*general*tonic*for*over*all*health*and*longevity*in*the* Traditional* medicine* system.* The* aim* of* the* study* was* to* investigate* the* secondary* metabolites* of* various* extracts* of* root* of* W.* somnifera* and* quantification* of* some* of* the* active* constituents* like* alkaloids,* flavonoids,* saponins* and* volatile* oil* according* to* standard* procedures.* The* preliminary* phytochemical* screening* of* cold* and* hot* ethanol,* methanol* and* aqueous* extracts* showed* the* presence* of* alkaloids,* saponins,* flavonoids,* steroids,* tannins,* proteins,* reducing* sugar* and* coumarins* and* absence* of* quinones* or* anthraquinones.*The*total*alkaloid,*flavonoid*contents*were*found*to*be*0.81*±* 0.01*%,*14.43*±*0.40*%*and*total*saponin*content*was*(Foaming*Index)*FI*<*100* respectively.* The* considerable* amount* of* volatile* oil* was* not* determined* in* fresh* root* of* W.* somnifera.* The* findings* are* consistent* with* the* presence* of* biologically* active* constituents* in* the* polar* extracts* of* W.* somnifera* and* may* provide*helpful*in*authentication*and*identification*of*this*plant.

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Aims: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a most common form of the rheumatic disease and relatively the prevalence is higher in Asians than in Western populations. KOA is one of the five leading causes of disability among elderly men and women. The scope of this study was to assess the routine functional activities by WOMAC score in the Siddha medical treatment for symptomatic KOA in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. Study Design: This was an open, randomized, parallel group of comparative clinical trial.

Background: Pain is the first and foremost symptom which alerts us about the underlying diseases, injuries or inflammation. Varied treatments are followed for pain relief worldwide. Nowadays tramadol, a centrally acting opioid analgesic is used widely. There are evidences that sweet substances like sucrose produce analgesia through endogenous opioid system. Sucrose has been proved to produce analgesic effect in healthy neonates and also in animals. Likewise, analgesic effect of glucose has also been studied but only limited no. of studies available. Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS and R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12hours of fasting. Group I was the control. Group II received standard-tramadol (40mg/kg). Group III received glucose (200mg/kg). Group IV received glucose (400mg/kg). Results: The latency period of glucose was significant (p<0.001) compared to controls and standard was significant (p<0.001) when compared to glucose by hot plate method. Conclusions: Analgesic activity of glucose may be due to both central and peripheral inhibition of PG synthesis. This has been proved in previous studies. This study showed that glucose can be used as an add-on in non-diabetic patients with better compliance.