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The iron loading of catalysts, supported on SiO 2 , was investigated between 10 and 75 wt%, with and without the addition of promoters (K and Cu), in order to highlight the different catalytic performances of the samples in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. An optimization study of the prepared catalysts (active metal/promoters ratio, catalysts' activation procedure before the Fischer-Tropsch runs, influence of the feeding gas composition) is reported. The mechanical resistance of the catalysts was also evaluated using a suitable method involving ultrasound.

Highlights Surface decoration of micro-sized TiO 2 by means of high-energy ultrasound AbstractAlthough the TiO 2 is one of the most promising materials for its photocatalytic potential related to the pollution abatement, it strongly suffers from the low photocatalytic activity if it is used under visible light and not under UV light. Among the various possible modifications, the surface decoration with metal or metal oxides NPs can be a good strategy to increase the potential of TiO 2 in the visible range. In this paper, a sonochemical method that exploits the use of high-energy ultrasounds is suggested to obtain this surface decoration. The support is a commercial and micrometric TiO 2 , cheaper and easier to handling than the nanometric P25. Samples were tested on the photodegradation of toluene and acetone in a gas phase system, using both the UV and LED lamp.

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Many reactors were proposed to investigate the efficiency of photocatalytic materials in the degradation of NOx, but the operative conditions are often very far from reality: the parameters and the reactor set-up, which are good for laboratory tests, cannot verify the real efficiency of a photocatalytic material in a real context. To solve this issue, we experimented for the first time with a new kind of gas-flow reactor able to test photocatalytic building materials of large size, optimizing the reaction conditions in order to work both under artificial conditions of irradiation (UV-A lamp) and under direct sunshine