In this paper, leakage characteristics of a sealing structure with damage holes are measured, combining super-resolution algorithms with infrared thermography technology. First, leakage tests of a sealing structure with a single-hole and double-hole are conducted, and some original infrared images are operated to locate the leakage position and calculate the leakage rate. Second, different types of super-resolution algorithms are introduced to generate different high-resolution (HR) infrared images. Finally, the results of the leakage location and leakage rate measured by different HR infrared images of different super-resolution algorithms are compared and discussed, revealing that the machine learning algorithm has the best overall performance. The super-resolution algorithm reduces the measurement error of the leakage rate by 40% and improves the sensitivity of the positioning test by five to ten times. The result indicates that super-resolution infrared thermography is of significant help in ensuring the accuracy of the multiple-hole leakage test.