Zhang, S. X., Wang, H. B., Zhang, H., Liu, H. F., Zhou, Z. F., Zhang, J. T. and Gao, L. 2014. Pilot laparoscopic ileal cannulation in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 371–377. Pilot laparoscopic ileal cannulation was performed in eight anesthetized pigs (40.5±1.9 kg) positioned in dorsal recumbency using three portals in the abdomen. The T-shaped ileal cannulation site was located 15 cm anterior to the ileocecal valve on the antimesenteric section of the ileum. A transabdominal suspension suture was placed approximately 3 cm caudal to the ileal cannulation site. A purse-string suture was placed first around the insertion site, and a stab incision was made in the middle of the purse-string suture. The T-shaped cannula was inserted into the ileal lumen through the stab incision, and the purse-string suture was tightened. The T-shaped ileal cannula was pulled out of the abdominal cavity through the exit wound located 3–5 cm lateral and 10–12 cm caudal to the right or left side of the umbilicus. The transabdominal suspension suture was then removed. The T-shaped cannula was secured to the skin with a finger-trap suture. Surgical time and complications were recorded. Repeat laparoscopy was performed 35 d later. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. The ileal contents were collected easily. On repeat laparoscopy, firm adhesion between the ileum and the abdominal wall was observed in all pigs, and there was no evidence of digesta leakage or consequential peritonitis.

Abomasal cannulation, an important research tool in experimental procedures, provides a method for the placement of an abomasal cannula in sheep. The aim of this study was to describe a technique for laparoscopic abomasal cannulation in sheep. It was performed in six anaesthetised sheep positioned in dorsal recumbency using three portals in the abdomen. The first absorbable traction suture was placed 1 cm cranial to the determined abomasal cannula site. A stab incision was made with a laparoscopic monopolar hook electrode in the middle of a purse-string suture placed around the abomasal cannula site. The T-shaped cannula was inserted into the abomasum lumen through the stab incision, and the second traction suture was then placed 1 cm caudal to the abomasal cannula site. The T-shaped abomasal cannula was pulled out of the abdominal cavity through the exit wound located 3-5 cm lateral and 10-12 cm cranial to the right side of the umbilicus. The two traction sutures were tied. The T-shaped cannula was secured to the skin with a finger-trap suture. Repeat laparoscopy was performed 1 month later. Firm adhesion between the abomasum and abdominal wall was observed in all sheep, with no evidence of leakage or peritonitis. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. The median surgical time was 49 min, with a range from 42 to 58 min. The abomasal contents were collected easily. In conclusion, laparoscopic abomasal cannulation is safe and easy to perform. Its low complication rates and the "ideal" placement of the tube into the abomasum make it an especially attractive alternative to traditional surgical abomasal cannulation in veterinary practice.

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disease [1]. Research evidence indicates that exercise can reduce OA patients‘ joint pain to an extent [2]. However, the genetic causal relationship between physical activity (PA) and OA remains vague.ObjectivesIn our study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to explore the causal assosiation of PA and OA.MethodsPA was divided into two different phenotypes, including sedentary behavior and physically active behavior. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for PA [3] was obtained from the UK Biobank. We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were strongly associated (p < 5 × 10−8) with two PA phenotypes and checked them on PhenoScanner removing SNPs associated with confounders. The OA data was derived from a GWAS among 455,221 individuals (77052 samples and 378169 controls) of European descent [4]. To assess the causality of PA on OA, inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM), were employed. IVW was applied for the principal analysis. To ensure the robustness of our result, Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were used to assess the sensitivity of the study.ResultsAmong the tested sedentary behavior, the length of mobile phone use increases the risk of knee OA (odds ratio (OR):1.560, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.167-2.086, p=2.683×10-3) and hip or knee OA (OR:1.334, 95%CI:1.026-1.734, p=3.141×10-2). After removing SNPs associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, lymphocyte count, and heart disease, we also found evidence of a potential adverse effect of genetically predicted time spent watching television (TV) on knee OA (OR:1.913, CI:1.450-2.523, p=4.388×10-6) and hip or knee OA (OR:1.611, 95%CI:1.288-2.014, p=2.860×10-5). No potential causal link was observed between physically active behavior and OA through the IVW analysis(p>0.05). MR-Egger and WM yielded identical effects to IVW. Any potential heterogeneity or pleiotropy was not found.Figure 1.The causal associations between physical activity (PA) and osteoarthritis (OA) were evaluated by the odds ratio (OR) values of IVW, MR-Egger, and WM. Scatter plots (A), funnel plots (B), and leave-one-out plots (C) assessed the length of mobile phone use on the risk of OA. Scatter plots (D), funnel plots (E), and leave-one-out plots (F) assessed the time spent watching television (TV) on the risk of OA. Forest plot（G）of association between PA and OAConclusionSedentary behavior can increase the risk of OA, but no direct causal relationship is observed between physically active behavior and OA. It indicates that OA patients should avoid a sedentary lifestyle.References[1] Martel-Pelletier, J., Barr, A. J., Cicuttini, F. M., Conaghan, P. G., Cooper, C., Goldring, M. B., Goldring, S. R., Jones, G., Teichtahl, A. J., & Pelletier, J. P. (2016). Osteoarthritis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2, 16072.https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.72[2] Hinman, R. S., Hall, M., Comensoli, S., & Bennell, K. L. (2023). Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA) updated Position Statement on exercise and physical activity for people with hip/knee osteoarthritis. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 26(1), 37–45.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2022.11.003[3] Klimentidis, Y. C., Raichlen, D. A., Bea, J., Garcia, D. O., Wineinger, N. E., Mandarino, L. J., Alexander, G. E., Chen, Z., & Going, S. B. (2018). Genome-wide association study of habitual physical activity in over 377,000 UK Biobank participants identifies multiple variants including CADM2 and APOE. International journal of obesity (2005), 42(6), 1161–1176.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0120-3[4] Tachmazidou, I., Hatzikotoulas, K., Southam, L., Esparza-Gordillo, … Zeggini, E. (2019). Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank data. Nature genetics, 51(2), 230–236.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0327-1Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.