In the present paper, the study of imbalances in the capital structure of some Russian banks is carried out. The very imbalances in the structure of commercial banks have a significant impact on the dynamics of the entire banking and loan market in the country. And in particular, the dynamics of the development of the agricultural sector. The study of the uneven structure of the balance sheets of commercial banks allowed us to draw conclusions. First, the uneven balance of the bank can be expressed both in a positive and negative plane, depending on the size of the capital imbalance, it can be concluded that the size of the imbalance is naturally dependent and the effect of influence on the dynamics of the formation of reserves for the loan portfolio. Second, analysis of various operations of commercial banks, in particular the analysis of banking operations, transactions of a credit institution and other transactions allows us to divide the services of the Bank for various type of clients from significant to insignificant to have an impact on possible alleged imbalance in the Bank, which can affect the imbalance in the lending industry for the real sector of the economy, particularly the imbalances in lending to agribusiness. The cumulative growth of these imbalances in several banks can lead to an unstable situation in the loan market. The fight against possible imbalances in the capital of banks can lead to an increase in the stability of the loan market and the stability of the entire economic system as a whole. This will stabilize the market of loans to the real sector of the economy and the market of loans issued within the framework of the agro-industrial complex.