Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of 180 Oriental herbs were studied by determining the peroxide values of linoleic acid during storage at 50°C. Among the herb extracts tested, 44 species showed strong antioxidant activities on the oxidation of linoleic acid. The antioxidative effects of these 44 selected herb extracts were studied further in a methyl linoleate system during storage for 35 d. Among the 44 species tested, 11 species had particularly high antioxidative effects. The effects of type of extraction solvent (methanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) on the antioxidant activities of the 11 species were studied. Antioxidant activities of most herb extracts were greatly dependent on the extraction solvent used; however, some of the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities regardless of the solvents used for the extraction. Among the 11 herbs selected, based on the antioxidant activity of their methanol extracts, two (i.e.,Psoralea corylifolia L. andSorphora angustifolia Sieb. & Zucc.) were selected for further study in lard held at 75°C for 7 d. The methanol extracts ofP. corylifolia L. andS. angustifolia Sieb. & Zucc. greatly decreased the peroxide formation of lard during storage. Treatment with 0.20% methanolic extract ofP. corylifolia L. exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant effect on the oxidation of lard than treatment with 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (P<0.05).

Effects of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm (wt/vol) ascorbyl palmitate (AP) on the methylene-blue-and the chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidations of linoleic acid or soybean oil, either in methanol or in a solvent mixture (benzene/methanol, 4:1, vol/vol), were studied during storage under 3300 lux fluorescent light for 5 h. Steady-state kinetic approximation was used to determine a quenching mechanism and quenching rate constant of AP in the chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidation of methyl linoleate in a solvent mixture (benzene/methanol, 4:1, vol/vol). Both methylene blue and chlorophyll greatly increased the photooxidation of linoleic acid and soybean oil, as was expected. AP was extremely effective at minimizing both methylene-blue-and chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidations of linoleic acid and soybean oil, and its effectiveness was concentration-dependent. The addition of 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm AP resulted in 69.3, 83.6, and 94.6% inhibition of methyleneblue-sensitized photooxidation of linoleic acid, respectively, after 5-h storage under fluorescent light. AP showed significantly greater antiphotooxidative activity than α-tocopherol for the reduction of methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation of linoleic acid (P < 0.05). The steady-state kinetic studies indicated that AP quenched singlet oxygen only to minimize the chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidation of oils. The calculated total quenching rate of AP was 1.0 x 10 8 M −1 s −1 . The present results clearly showed, for the first time, the effective singlet oxygen quenching ability of AP for the reduction of photosensitized oxidation of oils.

While CAM did not provide any definite survival benefit, CAM users reported clinically significant worse HRQOLs.

A rare case of double primary cancer of the colon with parotid gland metastasisThe major modes of spread for colon cancer are local invasion and lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis, with the liver being the most common site of metastasis, followed by the peritoneum, omentum, lung, and mesentery. Parotid gland involvement by adenocarcinoma of the colon is extremely rare. We report here a patient who developed a mass in the right neck due to a metastasis from a double primary adenocarcinoma of the colon.A 78-year-old woman attended our hospital after an episode of hematochezia that had occurred 3 days previously. At her visit, she also complained of a lump in her neck that she had noticed a month before. A colonoscopy performed to evaluate the hematochezia showed a coin-shaped, elevated lesion in the area adjacent to the ileocecal valve (• " Fig. 1 a) and an ulcerated, fungating mass surrounding the lumen of the sigmoid colon (• " Fig. 1 b).Biopsies of each lesion were taken for histology, and both revealed a diagnosis of moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinoma. Combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed for the staging and evaluation of the colon cancer. This showed a hypermetabolic lesion accompanied by diffuse wall thickening in the sigmoid colon and a hypermetabolic mass in the right parotid gland (• " Fig. 2). Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 5.6-cm mass with low intensity T1-weighted signal and heterogeneous high intensity T2-weighted signal in the right parotid gland (• " Fig. 3). To further evaluate the right neck mass, a fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed, which was consistent with a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. A decision was made to perform a right hemicolectomy and anterior resection followed by a parotidectomy (• " Fig. 4 a). Histopathology of the resected parotid gland revealed tumor cell infiltration and accompanying necrosis of the capsule. Columnar cells, which are not observed in normal parotid tissue, were present (• " Fig. 4 b), and staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), performed to verify the colonic origin of the metastasis, showed focal positivity (• " Fig. 4 c). Based on the above results, the patient was diagnosed as having double primary cancer of the colon Fig. 1 Views from a colonoscopy performed in a 78-year-old woman with hematochezia showing: a a coin-shaped, elevated lesion in the area of the ileocecal valve; b an ulcerated, fungating mass surrounding the lumen of the sigmoid colon. This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited.with parotid gland metastasis. The progression of her condition remains under observation. Metastatic involvement of the parotid gland may arise from lymphatic spread, hematogenous dissemination, or contiguous involvement. Contiguous extension is common with malignancies of the supporting tissues in the parotid region, whereas the parotid gland is unusual as the focus of a distant primary tumor [1]. Most metastase...