This article demonstrates a new compression scheme that has the potential to compress a high energy pulse as high as a few hundred Joules in a pulse as short as one optical cycle at 0.8μm making a true ultra-relativistic λ 3 pulse. This pulse could have a focused intensity of 10 24 W/cm 2 or a 0 of 1000. It could form an efficient, 10%, relativistic mirror that could compress the pulse to the atto-zeptosecond regime, with an upshifted wavelength of 1-10keV. This technique could be a watershed making the entry of petawatt pulses into the exawatt and zeptosecond regime possible.

The peak power of present-day lasers is limited by the pulse energy that the diffraction gratings of an optical compressor can withstand. A promising method to overcome this limitation is reviewed: the pulse power is increased by shortening its duration rather than increasing the pulse energy, the pulse being shortened after passing a compressor (Compression after Compressor Approach (CafCA)). For this purpose, the pulse spectrum is broadened as a result of self-phase modulation, and the pulse is then compressed by dispersion mirrors. Application of this idea, known since the 1960s, to lasers whose power is over 1 TW has been restrained until recently by a number of physical problems. These problems and possible methods to solve them are discussed in detail. The experimental results obtained over the past few years demonstrate the efficiency of the technique (compression by a factor of 5) in the range up to 250 TW. CafCA features three undisputed merits: simplicity and low cost, negligible loss of pulse energy, and applicability to any high-power laser.

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