No abstract

The object of the study is the process of operation of traction and external power supply systems as objects of inextricable interconnection while reducing energy costs in the cost of railway transportation in real time. One of the most problematic areas is the technology for choosing energy-efficient power supply schemes for railway traction networks in real time. The methods of forming and transforming graphs of complex schemes of traction and external power supply systems and building expert control systems for the implementation of energy-saving technologies of electrified railways were further developed in the work. In the course of the study, to increase the efficiency of simulation modeling of electric traction networks, the statistical characteristics of the loads of feeders that supply the final boundary sections, stations, depot access tracks, railway junctions and idle voltages on the traction substation tires were obtained. Methods of calculation and modeling of traction power supply have been developed, which take into account the inseparable relationship with power systems and allow choosing rational modes with minimal power flows and energy losses. Proposed methods of managing the modes of operation of the traction power supply system based on a vague description of their states and an expert system that allow solving new problems. Including, the choice of energy-saving power supply schemes in the case of power flows, economic modes of network operation in case of intensification of the transportation process. Thanks to this, ways of reducing power consumption and minimizing energy losses of traction power supply systems are proposed, which allow minimizing power flows and power losses by adjusting load flow parameters and voltage levels of traction substations. And also to increase the energy efficiency of electrified railway lines. The technique of technical and economic feasibility of power supply schemes of traction networks and evaluation of the possibility of switching to cantilever or loop power supply schemes with parallel connection points has been developed. The implemented recommendations save about 25 thousand kWh per 1 km of two-track section.

Газовый коллектор с ручным клапаном используется для включения и выключения подогревающего газа без участия вентилей горелки. Дополнительно комплектуются высокопроизводительными механизированными газовыми резками Harris, а также циркульным устройством для вырезки круговых отверстий. Возможно использование нескольких резаков на одной каретке.

The use of neural networks to solve the problems of insolubility and the solution of complex computational equations becomes a common practice in academic circles and industry. It has been shown that, despite the complexity, these problems can be formulated as a set of equations, and the key is to find zeros from them. Zero Neural Networks (ZNNs), as a class of neural networks specially designed to find zeros of equations, have played an indispensable role in online decision-changing problems over time in recent years, and many fruitful research results have been documented in literature. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of ZNN studies, including ZNN continuous time and discrete time models for solving various problems, and their application in motion planning and superfluous manipulator management, chaotic system tracking, or even population control in mathematical biological sciences. Considering the fact that real-time performance is in demand for time-varying problems in practice, analysis of the stability and convergence of various ZNN models with continuous time is considered in a unified form in detail. In the case of solving the problems of discrete time, procedures are summarized for how to discriminate a continuous ZNN model and methods for obtaining an accuracy decision. Approaches based on the neural network to address various nodal tasks have attracted considerable attention in many areas. For example, an adaptive fuzzy controller based on a neural network is constructed for a class of nonlinear systems with discrete time with a dead zone with discrete time in. An applied decentralized circuit, based on a neural network, is presented for multiple nonlinear input and multiple output systems (MIMO) using the methods of the reverse step in. Such a scheme guarantees a uniform limiting limit of all signals in a closed system relative to the average square. In order to overcome the structural complexity of the nonlinear feedback structure, uses the method of dividing variables for the decomposition of unknown functions of all state variables into the sum of smooth functions of each dynamic error.

This article discusses the issues of life safety of living objects under conditions of constant influence of an electromagnetic field on them. A planned laboratory facility for further research has been proposed. The mathematical apparatus of the generated electromagnetic field by the traction electric motor by the rolling stock of electric transport is shown. Conclusions are made that suggest the creation of special protective clothing for everyday use by humans with a constantly acting electromagnetic field in a man-made environment. Modern man is constantly in the zone of electromagnetic radiation, the influence of which cannot be avoided. Only by minimizing radiation by avoiding areas with increased electromagnetic activity and developing modern means of protection can ensure a safe and harmonious stay of a person in a modern technogenic environment of existence. If we turn to statistics and analyze the issue of the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the human body and study the problems that arise after its negative influence, we will find that almost all human systems and organs are negatively influenced with destructive consequences. This article discusses the latest developments in the field of electromagnetic waves on the human body. The most actual problems connected with work of electric transport as the technogenic environment are analyzed. The mathematical apparatus and the equation of the electromagnetic field for the electric motor are offered to create the mathematical models showing dependence of growth of an electromagnetic field depending on operating modes of the vehicle and places of stay of the passenger in vehicle interior. Еlectromagnetic radiation in the form of clothing, which will allow a comfortable and safe stay of people in a new man-made environment.