BackgroundThe increased consumption of analgesics has been documented worldwide during the last 2 decades. The aim of the study was to examine the trends in opioid and nonopioid analgesic consumption in Croatia between 2007 and 2013.MethodsData on opioid consumption were extracted from the database of the national authority. All opioid and nonopioid analgesics were included in the analysis. Data were presented as defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Adequacy of opioid consumption was calculated using adequacy of consumption measure.ResultsDuring the examined 7-year period, the total consumption and total cost of all analgesics in Croatia showed continuous increase. In the M01A group (anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products, nonsteroids), ibuprofen had an exponential increasing trend, and in 2011, it overtook diclofenac consumption. Ibuprofen and diclofenac had the highest consumption also in the M02A group of topical products for joint and muscular pain. Tramadol was by far the most consumed type of opioids (N02A group) and paracetamol in the group of other analgesics and antipyretics (N02B). The adequacy of consumption measure value was 0.19, indicating that Croatia is a country with a low opioid consumption.ConclusionBetween 2007 and 2013, both consumption of analgesics and their cost in Croatia had an increasing trend. Comparisons with data from other countries, based on the published literature, indicate that analgesic consumption in Croatia is still relatively low. Calculation of the adequacy of opioid consumption indicated that Croatia is a country with low opioid consumption. Further studies are necessary for establishing whether current analgesic consumption in Croatia corresponds to patient needs.

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In this paper, we showed the experience, application and effect of various treatment models, including telepsychiatry use for psychometric instruments, tests and scales. ClientsÕ examinees have given their consent to participate in the research and treatment of mobbing phenomena. Participants, Materials/Methods: Total sample data is 220 examinees, in the age of 18-65 years, of both sexes, all working people, of different social status and cultural habits. They have been treated in Center for telepsychiatry in virtual psychiatry Ambulance for various psychiatric syndromes all having the same denominator-mobbing, as ethiopathogenetic factor. In the research, the following instruments were used: Questionnaire of socio-demographical, Telepsychiatric interview (with teleconsultation), Beck's scale for self-esteem of depression, Hamilton's scale for depression (HAM-D) and Hamilton's scale for anxiety (HAM-A). Results: Upon evaluation, it was identified that major proportion of examinees shows: 1) Mental health and psychiatric diagnosis 142 (64, 55%) 2) And other Different somatic diagnosis 74 (33, 64%) 3) And only 4 (1, 81%) without any diagnosis. 4) From 142 (64, 55%) Mental health and psychiatric diagnosis major 110 (77, 46%) include symptoms of depression; that is statistically important P < 0.01. Conclusions: With treatment by telepsychiatry with teleconsultation result is significantly reduces consequences to mental health. These facts are best confirmed by measurement instruments used during this research: HAM-D, Beck's scale and ICD 10. Phenomena of abuse on workplace should be continuously researched, and all gained results could have significant clinical, public health and research implications.