Rapid transformation across all sectors through Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 initiatives led to an increase in construction activities. However, the construction industry has been already facing huge cost and time overruns, affecting all stakeholders. The aim of this study is to identify and explore the influential risk factors that lead to completion delays and cost overruns of government-funded building construction projects in Saudi Arabia, all of which have been subjected to a traditional type of procurement method (Standard Public Works Contract). The literature examined in this study identified a total of 83 risk factors, which have been grouped into nine categories. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to determine the participants’ perspectives on the degree of probability of occurrence (P) of each risk and its potential impact on a project in terms of time (IT) and cost (IC). The questionnaire survey was distributed to 200 experts and professionals associated with Saudi building construction projects, which were grouped into four categories: clients, designers, consultants, and contractors. Fifty-five acceptable questionnaires were returned and analysed. The relative importance index (RII), and Risk Importance (RI) were used to identify the most influential risk factors, and an agreement test was conducted. The results of the survey revealed that the most significant risks factors contributing to the delay of building construction projects’ completion are contractor’s financial difficulties, owner’s delay in making progress payments for completed works, contracts awarded to the lowest bidder, change orders during construction, ineffective project planning and scheduling by the contractor, shortage of manpower, and contractor’s poor site management and supervision. In addition, change orders during construction and contracts awarded to the lowest bidder are the most significant risks factors of exceeding budgets. Based on the results, it is concluded that for achieving sustainable development, client, contractor, and labour-related risks must be effectively managed.

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Blockchain technology carries considerable interest from both academia and the financial market through unusual risk on thousands of available cryptocurrencies that make us extremely wondering which one of those is safe and secure to use. This paper suggests the development of Blockchain systems to disclose the significance of scalability. We survey the state-of-thesoftware-defined network (SDN) also addresses a certain track of Blockchain progress to carry out the useful aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we present the character of the situation as a necessary decentralized along with algorithm-based consensus point of coordination in our society, showing that centralization is an organization that is not anymore designed to be a politically, private, and secure manner. In this work, we propose a light nodebased SDN that significantly improves light Node routing performance. By including additional routing information when a packet passes through the root node for the first time in a light Node communication, when available, without significant overhead. We implement the Openflow protocol and evaluate its performance through extensive simulation. Results show that improves packet reception ratio, round-trip time, and energy usage of light Node communication compared to standard systems. The proposed model is a distributed architecture based on Blockchain technology, that delivers inexpensive, secure, intelligent, and simple access to any type of network infrastructure computing. The proposed model highperformance grants low communication latency to the big size of data in a secure and private system based on Blockchain with a software-defined network (SDN).