Study Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in mandibular fractures. Study Design and Settings: It was a randomized controlled trial carried at of Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore from January 2021 to June 2021. Patients and Methods: After accepting to be enrolled in the study 50 patients with mandible fractures were randomly assigned into two groups Group A and Group B respectively. From admission until 24 hours post-operatively, all patients were given prophylactic antibiotic. The patients were than evaluated for evidence of infection at 6 weeks post-operatively.. Results of the Study: The age incidence varied from 18-60 years. The maximum number of patients belongs to age group 20-30 years. In a total of 50 patients, 45 male and 5 female patients were enrolled for the study. 4 of 25 patients in group A (16%) and 3 of 25 patients in group B (12%) reported with infection during follow-up. No statistically significant difference in the incidence of infection was noted between the groups Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that 1 day post-operative antibiotic is adequate to prevent post-operative infection in uncomplicated mandible fractures. The extended use of post-operative prophylactic antibiotic does not affect the incidence of infection in uncomplicated mandible fracture. Keywords: Mandibular Fractures, Post-Operative Antibiotic, Efficacy

Objective: To establish a correlation and evaluate paradigm shift of demographic parameters in oral submucous fibrosis patients due to use of areca nut and tobacco. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 1st November 2019 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: All patients with compliant of limited mouth opening and diagnosed clinically with oral submucous fibrosis were included. Biographical data was collected based on age, gender, literacy rate, socioeconomic conditions and habit of consumption of areca nut-based products and tobacco. Results: Prevalence of OSMF was 0.45% with mean age of 29.26±14.12 years. Areca nut alone is consumed more by females (44.12%) whereas combination of tobacco and areca nut use was higher in males (87.76%). Risk habits were found to be highest in uneducated/primary education (63.01%) and in low socioeconomic group (59.03%). Conclusion: Comparing the last two decades, there is paradigm shift in age of contracting OSMF towards younger age. Significant finding of areca nut use by females also draws attention for control measures. Harmful effects of areca nut and tobacco products should be highlighted and included in educational and community programs. Keywords: Oral submucous fibrosis, Potentially malignant disorders, Areca nut, Oral squamous cell carcinoma