Background: Cardiac disease is an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity both in antepartum and postpartum period. The overall incidence of heart disease in pregnancy is <1%. Objective of present study was to determine maternal outcome in pregnant women with heart diseases in terms of fetal complication, maternal complication and Mode of delivery.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Government Lalla Ded Hospital, an associated of Government Medical College, Srinagar which is the sole tertiary care referral centre in the valley. 90 women with heart disease which were previously established   or diagnosed during pregnancy were enrolled in the study.Results: In 90 women pregnancies was complicated by heart disease in the study. The prevalence of heart disease amongst all pregnancies found in hospital was 4.3%. The principal cause of cardiac lesion was Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (56.6%) while congenital heart disease was seen in 13.3%. Among the women who had RHD, mitral stenosis seen in 21 (23.3%) was most common lesion and Multiple cardiac lesions 21 (24.4%) women. Among the women with congenital cardiac disease, mitral valve prolapse was most common constituting 5 (5%) cases. Cardiomyopathy was the most common constituting 7 (7.3%). Heart failure developed in 10 (11.1%) whose NYHA class changed from class I/II to class III/IV. Majority of the women delivered by caesarean section 33 (36.7%) while (35.6%) had a normal vaginal delivery with spontaneous onset of labour. 7% had assisted instrumental vaginal delivered.  9% women had first trimester abortion. There were 4 maternal deaths. 85.6% live births were observed in these women. No baby had congenital heart disease.  72.8% babies born weighed more than 2kg.Conclusions: This study concluded that pre- pregnancy diagnosis, counselling, appropriate referral, antenatal supervision and delivery at equipped centre improve the pregnancy with heart disease outcome for both mother and baby.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aims of our study were to find out the physical features and biochemical complications of obese children presenting to our hospital. Methodology: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department (OPD) of POF hospital Wah Cantt from January 2019 to June 2020.Non probability convenient sampling was used to include obese children less than 14 years of age. Child was labeled obese as per W.H.O. criteria. History and complete physical examination was done according to pre designed proforma of all the participants. Blood samples were sent for analysis after taking consent. Results: Total of 100 obese children was included in the study out of whom 62 % were females and 38% were males. Majority were under 10 years of age (70%). Arthralgia (55%) was the most common complaint and Acanthosis Nigricans (31%) was the most common physical finding. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 60% of the cases. Iron deficiency was found more in females (64.5 %) (p value 0.01) and children under 10 years of age (62.8 %) (p value 0.02). Conclusion: Obesity can lead to various health complications. Early detection and prevention of these complications can decrease the associated morbidities and mortalities in adulthood. Key words: Obesity, vitamin D deficiency, Iron deficiency, Anemia, Acanthosis Nigricans  

Background: Newborn skin undergo various stages of developmental changes after birth in order to adapt to challenging conditions of extrauterine life. Many dermatoses though appearing challenging could actually be momentary or physiological undergoing rapid involution, therefore, a vital knowledge of neonatal skin biology is essential for all dermatologists. Aim: To study the clinical pattern of various dermatoses in neonates and their diagnostic value. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatrics, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred neonates within first 72 hours of life regardless of gestational age, sex and mode of delivery were selected. Neonates kept in intensive care unit were not included, as the chances of infection and sepsis are more in them. A detailed history was taken. Dermatological examination of all the neonates was done thoroughly in broad day light to accurately define the morphology of skin lesions. In all instances, the diagnosis of skin lesion was exclusively based upon the clinical impression. Results: There were 42 (42%) males and 58 (58%) females. 74% were full term and 26% were preterm,79% had normal birth weight (2.5-3.5 kg) and 21% had low birth weight (<2.5kg). Cutaneous findings were positive in 87 (87%). 79% had normal physiological cutaneous manifestations and transient skin changes and only 8% had pathological skin changes. Conclusion: Majority of the skin manifestation within 72 hours after birth are either physiological or benign that last for sometimes. Key words: Neonate, Skin manifestations, Prevalence