In this work, comprehensive analysis on single and dual mode, uniform and apodized Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) based gas concentration measurement sensor performance in the presence of noise and temperature variations is presented. Different scenarios are formulated. Firstly, the indirect sensing method for gas concentration measurement is presented, followed by the discussion on single and dual mode uniform FBG sensor design. Thereafter single and dual mode Gaussian apodized FBG sensor design and its pros and cons are discussed. The effect of temperature variations and noise on FBG sensor is also discussed. Afterwards as per referred literature the simulation results for uniform and apodized FBG in the presence or absence of noise, temperature variations and strain applications are validated. The quantitative analysis shows that the single mode apodized FBG has highest side lobes suppression ratio which is 88.21%. In terms of FWHM single mode apodized FBG has narrowest bandwidth of amplitude 0.18. While dual mode apodized FBG has highest reflectivity, that is, −0.20571. It is observed that reflection spectrum of uniform FBG sensor contains large strength of side lobes at adjacent wavelength. Moreover, the dual mode FBG sensor performance is more affected by variation in temperature and noise but dual mode FBG sensor works better as compared to single mode FBG sensor in context of minimum side lobes, high absorption depth and enhanced reflectivity. The presented investigation will be helpful to prescribe the correct amount of dosage for biomedical application. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

No abstract

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign uterine tumors occurring in 20-50% of women with maximum incidence between 35-45 years of age. Majority of fibroids are asymptomatic. When symptomatic, they present with abnormal menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, abdominal heaviness, pressure symptoms etc. It is the commonest indication of hysterectomy worldwide. Mifepristone, an antiprogesterone is being widely used as one of the medical managements in potential symptomatic patients (mostly 10-20 mg daily doses). Methods: An institute based prospective study including 100 reproductive aged women with symptomatic single uterine fibroid, was conducted over one-and-a-half-year period. They were administered 10 or 25 mg mifepristone daily for 3 months depending on fibroid size. Clinical parameters were assessed at initiation and at the end of their treatment. Results: Our results showed that mifepristone (both 10 and 25 mg) led to symptomatic relief, with 96% reduction in menstrual blood loss and reversible amenorrhoea in 87% of the patients. Intramural fibroids responded more than submucosal fibroids in terms of relief of menorrhagia and improvement of haemoglobin (Hb) levels, with similar reduction in fibroid volumes of both intramural and submucosal locations. Conclusions: Low dose mifepristone is an effective and safe drug for the medical management of uterine myoma. Due to the benign nature of fibroids, conservative management should be considered wherever feasible. Several clinical trials using 5‑50 mg of mifepristone have been conducted over variable durations between 3-12 months but the exact dosage and treatment duration are yet to be decided.

Background: Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is lengthening the time between delivery of newborn and the clamping of their umbilical cord. It is usually performed 25 seconds to 5 minutes after birth, which increases the  newborn’s iron storage, vital for healthy brain development. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 100 late preterm and term newborns delivered in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Calcutta national medical college and hospital, Kolkata over a period of one and half years (March 2019 to August 2020). The umbilical cord was clamped between 60 to 90 seconds after birth of baby. Babies’ weight measurement and blood investigations (Haemoglobin (Hb) level, total serum bilirubin (TSB) and serum ferritin) were performed at birth, after 24 hours of birth and at 6 weeks of age. Results: In this study after DCC, there is significant increase in Serum Ferritin levels after 24 hours and 6 weeks as compared to the birth values. As far as the values of TSB and hemoglobin is concerned, the values first showed increment after 24 hours and then decreased at 6 weeks, which is statistically significant (p=0.001). Birth weight which first decreased after 24 hours, increased at 6 weeks. None of the babies needed blood transfusion during the study period. Out of 100 cases, 9 were admitted in NICU and required phototherapy which was not directly associated with umbilical cord clamping time or bilirubin values at birth. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, we conclude that newborns with DCC had statistically significant higher levels of Hb and ferritin after birth. This may ensure better iron status throughout infancy along with reduced need of blood transfusion and its related adversities. Delaying cord clamping seems to be beneficial in late preterm and term neonates without causing additional morbidities in the first 6 weeks of life.