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This study explores the role of social media in influencing the littering behavior of tourists and examines its relationship with attitude change, social norms, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and actual behavior. The survey-based research collected data from 120 respondents in Islamabad and Rawalpindi in December 2022. The study found a low positive association between social media and attitude change as well as the social norms of tourists. However, social media as a source of information did not directly predict the actual behavior of tourists regarding littering. Nevertheless, there was a low positive relationship between social media usage and the actual behavior of tourists in terms of littering. The study suggests that content and campaigns against littering on social media can positively influence and discourage littering habits among tourists and the public. In summary, the study highlights the potential of social media in driving positive changes in tourists' littering behavior. Keywords: Social media, tourists, behavior, social norms, correlation.

from different countries are trying to answer the following question: what should be the university / school of the 21 st century? Among other things, it should be open to innovation -not only in the world of technology, but also in relation to teaching and learning processes. Personalisation of teaching / learning should take place -a student is in the centre of the university / school of the 21 st century. Another desirable feature is highly qualified staff, open and prepared for lifelong learning. One of the pillars of preparing new generation specialists should be STEM education, internationalisation of higher education, and mobility. The present volume includes seven articles gathered in three chapters. Chapter I -"Evolution of Innovative Educational Environment and Development of Digital STEM Competences" -includes four articles. At the beginning of this chapter, Nataliia Morze, Oksana Strutynska, and Mariia Umryk -Ukrainian experienced authors -present the article "Implementation of Robotics as a Modern Trend in STEM Education." They state that the world revolves around innovations: new ideas, new products, new solutions to existing problems. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are the foundation for innovation. The development of STEM-directions in education is crucial for the development of modern society. The paper discusses implementation of STEM education in the learning process of educational institutions. The authors analyse the development of STEM education in Ukraine, determine the level of readiness of educators for understanding the principles of STEM education, and substantiate the need for introducing robotics into the educational process as a modern and important trend in STEM education. The concept of educational robotics is discussed. This makes it possible to identify the technical inclinations of students (at an early stage) and development of these inclinations, as well as formation of STEM competency in general. The study focuses on the interdisciplinary aspect of STEM education, in particular on the implementation of interdisciplinary links between STEM subjects and robotics in the conduction process of research and training projects. The authors provide examples of the implementation of robotics in the educational process based on the use of a project method. The article also delineates the project for the creation of the Juno Rover robot based on the Arduino robotic platform in DOI . /IJREL. . . .

Pakistan even though a developing country has a very rich and diverse culture. As a developing country, it is suffering from cultural imperialism due to foreign content transmitted via satellite channels and cable TV. This study aims to explore the cultural impacts of Turkish dramas particularly on youngsters/young adults of Pakistan. The culture represented in Turkish dramas is not actually its unique culture. The dramas are influenced from western living style. The present study was aimed to study the cultural effects of Turkish dramas on youth in Pakistan. It is a survey research, in which, data was collected from the students of Punjab University to explore the change in the mindsets of the youth. Independent T- test has been applied to measure the impact on the base of gender. It is found that female viewers are more influenced from these dramas. The results of the study prove that youth are watching Turkish dramas with keenness and interest and are influenced from the fascinating depiction of their appealing culture. Moreover, the study proves that dubbed Turkish dramas are gradually changing the minds and lifestyles of youth. This phenomenon is of great importance and requires attention in order to save the cultural identity among youth in Pakistan, who is already facing cultural invasion from Indian drama industry. The analysis has been done on the basis of viewers’ perception towards dubbed Turkish dramas.  Key Words: cultural imperialism, cultural impacts, Turkish dramas, youth