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Diarrhoea is a condition characterized by a variation in the bowel movement. It is one of the major health issues in developing countries. Its severity is more in children’s. Diarrhoea causes severe dehydration and some time it may lead to death. Globally, over 5 million children’s are dying each year because of diarrhoea. In the present scenario, herbal medicines are used by the people in a wider range because of its safety as compared to synthetic drugs. So it is very crucial to identify and investigate available natural drugs for treating diarrhoea. Hence, the present study endeavor the evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of Achyranthus aspera. The anti-diarrhoeal activity was performed by using different animal models like castor oil-induced diarrhoea, prostaglandin-E2 induced enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility test. All the extracts of Achyranthus aspera showed considerable antidiarrhoeal activity in all the three animal models by reducing diarrhoeal episodes. The findings of the present investigation revealed the significant antidiarrhoeal property of Achyranthes aspera. Hence this plant can be used in the suitable form as an alternative to available synthetic antidiarrhoeal medicines which are not completely safe. Thus the adverse effects of synthetic drugs can be minimized by reducing its use.

Disaster has become a frequent phenomenon in today's world and is affecting many worlds' population. The urban areas are highly vulnerable to hazards as urban population is increasing rapidly. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is in high risk of earthquake, fire hazards, water logging etc. The study has been carried out to ascertain the challenges to implement the Disaster Risk Reduction in the schools of Dhaka city focusing the urban disaster such as earthquake and fire hazard. DRR integration in education system has ensured safe school facility for school going children as well as reducing the risk of community through school-community cooperation. This study follows the Comprehensive Global School Safety Framework, (GADRRRES) to find out the school preparedness and emergency management plan. Mixed method was carried out to collect and analysis data from students, their parents, teachers and staff about the condition of the DRR practices in education, plans and the challenges to implement DRR through FGD, semi-structured questionnaire survey. SWOT analysis has been conducted to understand the current condition of DRR practice in schools of Dhaka city. It has been observed that the respondents have little knowledge about DRR, and most of the schools don't have enough DRR practice and plan. Although DRR is integrated in curricula, the schools do not practice DRR exercises and trainings. A school management plan has been proposed to improve the current condition; thereby the schools of Dhaka city can be prepared for future disaster.

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Diuresis can be beneficial in removing toxins from the body. Globally traditional and folklore medicines plays a vital role in health care services. Plectranthus amboinicus belongs to Lamiaceae family is an Indian medicinal plant which has been utilized traditionally to treat various diseases. However, there is no systematic methodology for the use of Plectranthus amboinicus stem as a diuretic. Hence the present study is proposed to evaluate the diuretic activity of various solvent extract of Plectranthus amboinicus stem in the rat model. The acute toxicity study was performed in albino mice by fixed-dose method (OECD guidelines number 425) of CPCSEA. The diuretic activity was carried out using the Lipschitz method. The total urine volume collected in 24hours was observed. Sodium, potassium and chloride concentration in urine were also recorded. The ionic concentrations were recorded calorimetrically. Acute toxicity study proved no toxicity and mortality in any of the animal up to the dose of 2000mg/kg bodyweight. All three extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus have exhibited dose-dependent diuretic activity by increasing urine volume and excreting sodium ions in urine. The urine pH was also elevated. From the study, it can be concluded that the plant Plectranthus amboinicus could be considered as a diuretic agent. This current study encourages the use of this plant in folk medicine. Further study is required for isolation, characterization and formulation of the active constituents responsible for its diuretic activity.