The factual challenge nowadays is to present the real estimate of the clinical consequences of VAP in geriatric cohort. Such studies will help in formulating an optimal institutional policy and rational approach to decrease rates of mortality.

The solution for safe and rational medication use to improve patient care as well as to enhance public health status is Pharmacovigilance (PV). Optimal care of patient and appropriate medication utilization in secure way with respect to various conditions is an imperative function of pharmacovigilance system. PV mainly involves in the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) identification, system of reporting, scrutinizes the effectiveness of treatment, reduces the adverse consequences to utmost level and guarantees the patient wellbeing. The safety of drug is highly essential factor when it comes from the healthcare provider to the patient. For a drug to be successful in market, it is crucial for it to be efficacious as well as safe and secure for the patients. Hence, adherence toward pharmacovigilance activities and system is now based on a paradigm change from care to safety.

ABSTRACT… Background: Patients associated with VAP having mortality rates range from 20 to 50% and this may extend up to 70% when multi-resistant and invasive pathogens accountable for infection, however, VAP is also interrelated with noteworthy rate of morbidity, extended period of stay in ICU, protracted MV, and augmented hospitalization cost. Objectives: To review the risk factors, incidence and transience rate of mortality for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Design: Prospective and cross sectional way. Period: From April 2016 to December 2016. Setting: Different Tertiary Care Institutes of Karachi, Pakistan. Method: A structured data collection form was prepared to record the information and validated using spearman correlation coefficient and Cronbach's α value. Value of α = 0.902 and p = 0.913 have revealed the suitable degree of reliability and uniformity. Data was collected with respect to gender, age, antibiotic utilization record, and main diagnosis outcomes. Microbiological basis of ventilator-associated pneumonia was assessed using patient lab record for rate and seclusion of organism. Results: In this study a detail of significant virulence factor articulated by these microorganisms has been depicted. Statistically insignificant differences were observed among the groups with respect to clinical and demographic characteristics like mean age, gender, infection severity scores (SOFA, MODS, CPIS and APACHE II), immune status of patients and type of the cases including surgical or clinical scenario. 39.3% patients developed early onset while 60.6% of cohort was observed with late onset of VAP. Conclusion: The precise microbial source of VAP are numerous and diverse. The realistic challenge at the present time is to portray the authentic approximate of the clinical consequences associated with VAP. Henceforth such investigations may be supportive in origination of the most favorable institutional antimicrobial strategy to reduce the associated complications of this threat. . Ventilator-associated pneumonia; microbiology, multidrug resistance impact and associated risk factors in tertiary hospitals settings.

Background: Patients associated with VAP having mortality rates range from 20to 50% and this may extend up to 70% when multi-resistant and invasive pathogens accountablefor infection, however, VAP is also interrelated with noteworthy rate of morbidity, extendedperiod of stay in ICU, protracted MV, and augmented hospitalization cost. Objectives: To reviewthe risk factors, incidence and transience rate of mortality for ventilator-associated pneumonia.Design: Prospective and cross sectional way. Period: From April 2016 to December 2016.Setting: Different Tertiary Care Institutes of Karachi, Pakistan. Method: A structured datacollection form was prepared to record the information and validated using spearman correlationcoefficient and Cronbach’s α value. Value of α = 0.902 and p = 0.913 have revealed the suitabledegree of reliability and uniformity. Data was collected with respect to gender, age, antibioticutilization record, and main diagnosis outcomes. Microbiological basis of ventilator-associatedpneumonia was assessed using patient lab record for rate and seclusion of organism. Results:In this study a detail of significant virulence factor articulated by these microorganisms hasbeen depicted. Statistically insignificant differences were observed among the groups withrespect to clinical and demographic characteristics like mean age, gender, infection severityscores (SOFA, MODS, CPIS and APACHE II), immune status of patients and type of the casesincluding surgical or clinical scenario. 39.3% patients developed early onset while 60.6% ofcohort was observed with late onset of VAP. Conclusion: The precise microbial source of VAPare numerous and diverse. The realistic challenge at the present time is to portray the authenticapproximate of the clinical consequences associated with VAP. Henceforth such investigationsmay be supportive in origination of the most favorable institutional antimicrobial strategy toreduce the associated complications of this threat.

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