Four locations were chosen according to geomorphologic and engineering criterion to store the water on the midstream of Tharthar valley, water samples were collected from the four locations to evaluate the hydrochemical properties as indicator to select the more suitable location, these locations are Hatra, Abu-Hamam, Tlol Al-Baj and Al-Sukkariah from the north to the south respectively. Also, the groundwater samples were collected from two shallow wells on the banks. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of most common anions and cations in the water Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, CO₃<sup style="margin-left:-7px;">2-</sup>, HCO^3-, Cl^–, SO₄<sup style="margin-left:-7px;">2+</sup>. Also, pH, EC and TDS were measured. The results reflect high variations in concentrations of the soluble materials, the concentrations of these components are highly increased in locations of Tlol Al-Baj and Al-Sukkariah in comparison with the locations of Hatra and Abu-Hamam. The variation in geology of the area along the valley was represented a main role on the quality of water. These results can help to select the suitable locations of small dam (dams) to store the water in the valley and prevent the problem of salinity. According to the results, the northern part of midstream (north of Abu-Hamam) is suitable for water storage and the dam construction. While the locations of the downstream enriched by local sources of salts

The area was hydrogeologically studied, it was found that the main aquifer is unconfined, it is located within Fat’ha Formation, and the hydraulic properties of this aquifer were also studied from the analysis of pumping tests data to determine the averages of transimissivity (T=671.027 m2/day), hydraulic conductivity (K=45.449 m/day), and storage coefficient (Sc=0.226). The groundwater levels and flow direction map was drawn, and it was found that the flow corresponds to the topographical slope of the land surface towards Tharthar valley, from the east - west towards the center of the study area, with a slight slope towards the south. These are some data represent a database that can be used in the design of the proposed dam on Tharthar valley, and the policy of storage and water management in the dam, reservoir as well as to build a mathematical model to predict the future behavior of groundwater in the region. Especially under the body of the dam to simulate the changes in groundwater conditions in the area of the small Hatra Dam Suggested on Tharthar valley, when storing water in front of a dam, and the expected engineering problems that would occur due to groundwater seepage under or on both sides of the dam body, by raising the water level within the valley – hypothetically, by 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 7m, 9 m and 11 m, assuming no pumping from the Aquifer during the rise of the level in the valley. as well as re-calculation with the same ranges of raising the level on another assumption, which is pumping from the wells in the area by 9 m3/ hour, for a period of time 6 hours per day, and determining the affected area by raising the level for each of the cases. The study indicated that the expected effect on the groundwater level starts when raising the water level inside the valley to four meters, and the clear increase continues at five meters, but the cumulative effect of raising the level from (7-11)m is slight. It also identified the sites that would allow the underground water to be pumped under the dam’s body, and the results were consistent with the geological reality of the area. These results will help in establishing an appropriate design for the foundations and structure of the dam. The current study is one of the requirements for building a small dam within the plan for managing water resources and developing the region that suffers from desertification, drought and environmental degradation.

In this study, the water table in reservoirs in the Al-Alam area was studied for the year 2019. The water table was taken for 104 wells that covered the study area, except for the region near the Hemrin anticline, because it was impossible to reach for safety reasons. It was found that the higher water table North Study area near the Hemrin anticline and the levels decreased towards Al-Shari playa. A simulation of the aquifer was made after the introduction of the water table, the hydraulic properties of the area, and the depth of the reservoir. Three hypotheses were made to simulate the aquifer within one year by placing several virtual wells with constant drainage and the number of fixed operating hours during the year. to know the amount of water that leads to the depletion of the aquifer and the safe drilling distance of the aquifer. For the aquifer not to reach the stage of over-pumping and depletion, as several hypothetical wells have been placed in a manner that approximates the reality of the study area, Through a questionnaire on the number of working wells and relied upon in the study area, they were from about (250-350) wells. (200 wells, 300 wells, 400 wells) with constant discharge and operating hours during the year. As the well was operated according to the policies set by the Ministry of Agriculture with a discharge of (7 liters/second) for a period of (8 hours/day) for a period of (22.5 days/month), which is equivalent to (270 days/year) that is, at the disposal of (54432 m3 / year) for each A presumed well, to know the impact of the reservoir, and It was found that drilling 200 wells with a distance of 1 km2 between one well and another is considered safe and that drilling 300 wells or 400 wells in the study area leads to the depletion of the aquifer.

Al-Murr valley is one of the intermittent valleys in the northernwest of Iraq, in which the water flows in short flood waves after rainfall storms, and eventually flows into Tigris River at the Aski Mosul Town. The surface drainage watershed of the basin was derived using (Arc GIS 10) based on the space shuttle radar data (SRTM-DEM) which called Digital Elevation Model (DEM), with discriminatory accuracy of (30x30) meters, according to contour lines and surface water divides, the stream orders reached to six, they varied in their numbers from order to another. The geological and hydrogeological conditions of the basin were studied, and two aquifers were distinguished; Injana as semi-confined aquifer and Quaternary sediments as unconfined aquifer, also groundwater table map was plotted according to data of (101) wells, and then flow net of groundwater were derived and indicate that there are to main groundwater flow directions; the first from the north and northeast toward the center of the area, from ​​Ain Zala and Butma anticlines as recharge areas to Wadi al-Murr as discharge area, the hydraulic gradient is about (0.0087) in the recharge area and (0.0037) in the drainage area, while the second flow direction is from south and southwest toward the center of the study area, from Sinjar, Shkaft, Sasan and Shaikh Ibrahim anticlines as recharge areas to Wadi al-Murr as discharge area, the hydraulic gradient is about (0.01) at the recharge area and (0.0053) in drainage area, and this trend is compatible with the direction of the surface drainage system (valleys) and the slope of land topography of the area. The hydraulic properties were evaluated according to the pumping rate and groundwater table drawdown data in (81) pumping wells, it was observed that the values ​​of the Transmssivity (T) ranged from (3- 414) m2/day, either hydraulic conductivity ​​(K) ranged from (0.2-12.7) m/day.

In this study the ground water recharge was estimated, with studying the hydrological conditions Al-Dhubaei region which located 5 km to the southwest of Tikrit city. Depending on the data of Tikrit meteorological station, the averages monthly climatic elements (rainfall, temperature and evaporation) were studied for a period of (1989-2013), the average annual rainfall reached 166.72 mm, as well as the evaporation-transpiration rates were calculated using Thornthwait method. The water balance of the area was calculated and the results show that the ratio of water surplus were reached to 38.87% of the total annual rainfall, and the groundwater recharge equal to 4.66×106 m3/year. Also, the hydrogeological study of the region show that the main bearing formations of groundwater represented by Injana formation and Quaternary deposits, which are Confined Aquifers, the hydraulic properties were studied, and  pumping test data show that the Transmissibility (T) ranged between (55.3 to 1140.48) m2/day, while the Hydraulic Conductivity (K) ranged between (0.58 to 43.38) m/day. The ground water table map and flow net were drawn, and show that the flow in northwest of the study area takes two trends, to the northeast and to the northwest, but in the middle and south of the area the flow was to the southeast.