AbstractBackground: Machines, especially pressing machines, have a huge contribution to the incidence of occupational accidents and their costs. Objective: The purpose of this descriptive-analytical study was to evaluate the risk of pressing operations. For this purpose, two traditional and new methods of risk assessment were used. Methods: This study was carried out in a press workshop of one of the automobile production factories in 2017. Risk assessment was performed in two ways: Failure modes (FM) and effects analyzes (EA) and functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) based on extended resilience engineering. After identifying the six aspects of the operation of pressing, their variability and exacerbation were determined. Findings: From 72 potential breakdowns, twenty mode in one of the risk factors of the risk priority number (severity, probability and detection rates) were equal or greater than five, and other failure modes identified were normal and not require new corrective actions. Fifteen functions were also identified for press operations, which seven operations including planning, mapping, raw material supply, forklift lifting, stamping, census, and delivery of preformed parts were resonating. Conclusion: Considering the focus of the method of FM and EA on technical issues and the visibility of this method, as well as the overall and organizational view, the FRAM, the simultaneous use of these two methods, significantly contributes to improving the safety of the system makes.

Background: Awareness of the situation and condition of the patients is essential for medical personnel in order to avoid human errors. Various factors are associated with situational awareness in healthcare specialists, especially in surgical rooms. This review study examined the factors affecting the situational awareness of health staff. Research Method: All articles over situational awareness in the operating room conducted in 2010 to 2018 were collected and studied. To this end, the following databases were investigated: Scopus, ProQuest, Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, SID, Iran medex, Magiran, Medlib, and Civilica. To search these databases, the following key-words were used separately and in combination with each other: "situational awareness”, “operating room","surgery","nurses","healthcare specialist","hospital staff".  Regarding the inclusion criteria, the articles which goals were matched with the criteria related to situational awareness in the operating room were selected. Results: Finally, 6 papers entered the study according to the selection criteria. The available documentation from 2013 to 2018 were compared in terms of method and outcome. Conclusion: The factors affecting situational awareness were education, sound factors, equipment, and individual characteristics. The effective factors that played an important role in the level of situational awareness of people who worked in the operating room were educating employees, using light music, using combined monitors, having physical movements during work, as well as using experienced staff in the operating rooms .

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