Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the commonest juvenile psychiatric disorder distinguished by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is a serious public health concern because it has a long-term negative impact on academic, career and social-emotional development, thereby hampering the quality of life of the individual. Owing to the prolonged, expensive and ambiguous treatment, an increasing number of parents turn towards homeopathy for safe and cost-effective treatment of their ‘trouble-makers’ as they are labeled. Method A 7-year-old child diagnosed with ADHD (combined type) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) uncomplicated with other psychiatric comorbidity presented to the outpatient department after having consulted various physicians in succession in search of effective treatment. The child received individualised homoeopathic medicine. Outcome was measured using the parent completed Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised-Short version (CPRS:R-S) every 4 months. Results At the start of the treatment, the child's CPRS:R-S score was 76 which was very high. After a year, it was reduced to eight (within normal range). Conclusion This case demonstrates the usefulness of individualised homoeopathic treatment in improving the ADHD status over a span of 1 year. Nevertheless, large sample randomised controlled trials would be required to approve or disprove this single case observation.

Giant cell fibroma (GCF) is a relatively rare lesion in the oral cavity. Despite having unique microscopic features, it can be easily misdiagnosed clinically as any common hyperplastic lesion. This report presents a case of a 21-year old male with a lesion involving the papilla between the mandibular central incisors. The lesion was excised completely under topical anesthesia using a 980 nm diode laser. On histopathological examination of the excised tissue, no thermal damage or any other alteration was observed, while the features were suggestive of GCF. Healing of the gingiva was uneventful and without any signs of recurrence. Apart from the widely known advantages of the diode laser, it also appears to maintain the integrity of biopsy specimens, if used with appropriate settings. This advantage may play a vital role in the biopsy of rare lesions where the diagnosis is entirely based on accurate histopathological examination.

Background: The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique. Method: Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 66 maxillary quadrants from 34 patients (16 men and 18 women) were evaluated using a volumetric imaging software for cortical and cancellous bone densities in three interdental regions between the canine and first molar. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) separately for the buccal cortical, palatal cortical, buccal cancellous, and palatal cancellous bones. Mean HU values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. Results: Cancellous bone density was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) in the palatal half than in the buccal half across all three interdental regions. However, there was no significant difference (P = 0.106) between the buccal and palatal cortical bone densities at the site of AMSA injection. No significant difference was observed between the two genders for any of the evaluated parameters. Conclusions: The palatal half of the cancellous bone had a significantly lower density than the buccal half, which could be a reason for the effective diffusion of the anesthetic solution following a palatal injection during the AMSA anesthetic technique.