Aims: In India, annual incidence of animal bite is estimated as 1.7 per 100 population and that of human rabies as 1.7 per 1,00,000 population. Since rabies is universally fatal it requires prevention through timely management by wound care, Anti-Rabies Vaccine (ARV) and rabies immunoglobulin. Study Design: Retrospective record review.
Introduction: Pathological complete response (pCR) is the most important prognostic factor in determining survival in post-neoadjuvant breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated the pathologic predictors that are associated with pCR in post-neoadjuvant breast cancer. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study conducted in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Pakistan, from January 2019 to December 2020 over a period of two years. All patients with primary breast cancer that received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy at Liaquat National Hospital were included in the study. Pathological parameters from pre-chemotherapy specimens like tumor type, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) and proliferative index Ki67 status were recorded. Pathological response to chemotherapy from post-chemotherapy specimens was recorded as complete or partial responses to chemotherapy. Results: A total of 287 patients were included in the study, among whom pCR was noted in 65 (22.6%) cases. A significant association of pCR was noted with Ki67 proliferative index, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) statuses, whereas no significant association was noted with tumor size, histological type, grade, or nodal metastasis. Conclusion: The pCR was significantly seen more in cases with higher Ki67 index, hormone receptor negativity and HER2/neu positivity. These pathological predictors can help develop post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocols and guide patients regarding their likely chemotherapy response and prognosis.
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