Background Eating disorders among adolescents are an ongoing public health concern. Sustainable health promotion programmes require a thorough understanding of the social context in which minors engage. Initial studies show that young people make extensive use of social networks in order to exchange experiences and gather information. During this process their (buying) behaviour is significantly affected by so-called influencers. Methods The exploratory research studies non-campaign driven health communication on dieting and exercise by influencers in social networks with a focus on content, techniques and visible impact. In a mixed methods approach, we initially analysed 1000 posts from influencers on Instagram quantitatively. Subsequently we conducted an in-depth content analysis of 9 extreme and 27 typical communication threads. Results Influencers gain the trust and friendship of their followers by designing body-shape focused visual content and targeted communication techniques. They identify and define diet and exercise as factors to be controlled for body perfection. By consuming dietary supplements and wearing tight-fitting branded sportswear, influencers promise a simplified way of optimizing one’s appearance as the key to happiness. Direct and surreptitious advertising of industry-specific products constitutes the communicative focus. At the same time, minors identify with the roles and ideals demonstrated by influencers and their needs are satisfied on several different levels. This creates a relationship of dependency between influencers and their followers. Conclusions The dynamics in the field of health communication by influencers on social networks will become increasingly important in the coming years. This is largely due to the targeted demand on the part of (mainly) underage users and the high attractiveness of influencer marketing on the part of companies. Influencers suggest a dependence on happiness, well-being, health and beauty. Only those who create a body shaped through control and discipline are healthy and beautiful - and can be happy. The indirectly communicated conclusions, which can be considered as extremely critical, illustrate the need for action in order to protect and positively accompany young people in their psychological and physical development. The shift of authority figures within Generation Z, as well as identified communication techniques, can be considered and may be harnessed by targeted, group-oriented campaign designs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7387-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The recent development of dedicated prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted radioligands shows the potential to change and improve the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. There is an increasing number of prospective trials to further establish these tracers in the clinical setting. We analyzed data from the ClinicalTrials.gov registry including all listed prospective trials with PSMA-ligands for prostate cancer as of October 2019 concerning the different tracers and study characteristics. We found n = 104 eligible studies with a total of n = 25 different tracers in use: most frequently [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (32%), followed by [18F]DCFPyL (24%) and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (10%). 85% are single-center, 15% multi-center studies. 95% national and 5% international studies. 34% are phase-II, 24% phase-I, 13% phase-I/-II, 12% phase-II/-III and phase-III and 7% early-phase-I. The primary purpose was classified as diagnostic in 72% of cases and therapeutic in 23% of cases. Most studies were executed in the USA (70%), followed by Canada (13%) and France (6%). This quantitative descriptive registry analysis indicates the rapid and global clinical developments and current status of PSMA-radioligands with emphasis on radiopharmaceutical and organizational aspects. It will be very interesting to see which tracers will prevail in the clinical setting.

Background: Hospitalizations of nursing home residents are associated with various health risks. Previous research indicates that, to some extent, hospitalizations of this vulnerable population may be inappropriate and even avoidable. This study aimed to develop a consensus list of hospital discharge diagnoses considered to be nursing home-sensitive, i.e., avoidable. Methods: The study combined analyses of routine data from six statutory health insurance companies in Germany and a two-stage Delphi panel, enhanced by expert workshop discussions, to identify and corroborate relevant diagnoses. Experts from four different disciplines estimated the proportion of hospitalizations that could potentially have been prevented under optimal conditions.   Results: We analyzed frequencies and costs of data for hospital admissions from 242,236 nursing home residents provided by statutory health insurance companies. We identified 117 hospital discharge diagnoses, which had a frequency of at least 0.1%. We recruited experts (primary care physicians, hospital specialists, nursing home professionals and researchers) to estimate the proportion of potentially avoidable hospitalizations for the 117 diagnoses deemed avoidable in two Delphi rounds (n=107 in Delphi Round 1 and n=96 in Delphi Round 2, effective response rate=91%). A total of 35 diagnoses with high and consistent estimates of the proportion of potentially avoidable hospitalizations were identified as nursing home-sensitive. In an expert workshop (n=16), a further 25 diagnoses were discussed that had not reached the criteria, of which another 23 were consented to be nursing home-sensitive conditions. Extrapolating the frequency and mean costs of these 58 diagnoses to the national German context yielded total potentially avoidable care costs of €768,304,547, associated with 219,955 nursing home-sensitive hospital admissions. Conclusion: A total of 58 nursing home-relevant diagnoses (ICD-10-GM three-digit level) were classified as nursing home-sensitive using an adapted Delphi procedure. Interventions should be developed to avoid hospital admission from nursing homes for these diagnoses.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel Als „Generation Y“ werden jüngere Erwachsene bezeichnet, die im ungefähren Zeitraum von 1980–2000 geboren wurden. Der Generation wird zugeschrieben, digital affin und technisch versiert zu sein. Somit kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass bei diesen Menschen ein verstärkter Wunsch besteht, im Bedarfsfall digitale Innovationen der Gesundheitsversorgung zu nutzen. Die genauen diesbezüglichen Erwartungen sind jedoch weitestgehend unbekannt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Erwartungen und Bedarfe der Generation Y genauer zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden Zur Datenerhebung wurden im April 2021 5 Fokusgruppeninterviews mit jeweils 6 Personen zwischen 23 und 36 Jahren geführt, wobei pro Gruppe 3 Personen im Gesundheitsbereich tätig waren. Das Interviewmaterial wurde anhand der Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Bei den Befragten bestand u. a. die Erwartung, niedrigschwellige digitale Innovationen der Gesundheitsversorgung zu nutzen. Zudem zeigte sich ein großer Bedarf an Gesundheitsinformationen. Im Vordergrund stand die Steigerung der Effizienz im Alltag, insbesondere eine Verringerung des Zeitaufwands. Einflüsse der Coronapandemie auf die Erwartungen konnten beobachtet werden. Diskussion 3 Funktionen von digitalen Anwendungen stellen sich als besonders relevant heraus: „Verwaltung“, „Tracking“ und „Information“. Zu diesen wurden Präferenzprofile der Generation Y erstellt. Passgenaue Angebote digitaler Innovationen könnten helfen, zielgruppenspezifische Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention konkreter umzusetzen und einen Mehrwert für Menschen der Generation Y zu generieren. Da der Alltag der Zielgruppe bereits von Digitalisierung und digitalen Innovationen geprägt ist, liegt hier großes Potenzial.