The aims of this study were to investigate semantic retrieval processes and errors across time during a semantic fluency task and to specify their components (i.e., executive vs. semantic). To do so, we analyzed the productions of 50 healthy participants (using the "supermarket" fluency task). The scores were compared before and after a 30-s interval. Across time, the results showed a decrease in the number of words produced and hard switching. Cluster switching and the number of intrusions remained constant, while clustering, and both the number of exemplars and repetitions increased. These results are discussed in terms of a progressive involvement of a semantic cognitive strategy of retrieval.
The aim of this study was to determine whether verbal knowledge can compensate for the age-related decline in word production during a fluency test. We assessed the performance of 20 young and 20 old subjects in standard letter and semantic fluency tasks over time (T1: 0-30 s vs. T2: 31-60 s). The number of words produced, switching, and clustering components (Troyer et al. Neuropsychology, 11(1): 138-146, 1997) were investigated. Correlations between age and cognitive factors (processing speed, executive functions, and vocabulary level) were analyzed. The results revealed a knowledge compensation mechanism in elderly subjects, but only in letter fluency productions. It only occurred during the second period and was related to an increase in the clustering component and a positive correlation between age and vocabulary level. The differences between letter and semantic fluency performances are discussed in terms of the nature of the nonsemantic and semantic components involved in these tasks.Keywords Aging Á Verbal fluency Á Clustering and switching across time It has often been stated in aging literature that old adults present some declines in cognitive functions. Particularly, numerous studies have demonstrated a reduction in the execution speed of cognitive operations and a deficit in the executive processes needed for temporary information storage and simultaneous performance of several tasks (Barringer et al
Résumé Depuis une dizaine d’années, l’étude des faux souvenirs, comme les fausses reconnaissances (FR), a suscité une abondance de travaux compartimentée en différents champs d’investigation, et notamment selon le type de méthode utilisée pour les induire. Nous proposons ici une revue de questions incluant les hypothèses explicatives et les données actuelles, qui s’étend à deux formes de FR, à savoir les FR associatives (confusion entre des informations perçues vs . imaginées) et les FR de source (confusion entre deux événements réellement vécus). Pour les FR associatives, induites notamment avec le paradigme DRM, les études ont conduit à la mise en évidence de deux principaux mécanismes : les mécanismes d’activation implicite à l’encodage et les mécanismes post-récupération de contrôle de la source ( i.e. hypothèse à double processus, Roediger, Balota, et Watson, 2001a). Pour les FR de source, induites avec le paradigme MI, les études suggèrent également que deux mécanismes soient identifiés : les mécanismes de mémoire de source et ceux du contrôle de la source post-récupération ( i.e. théorie du contrôle de la source, Johnson, Hashtroudi & Lindsay, 1993). En s’appuyant sur la théorie du contrôle de la source comme cadre d’analyse commun, l’examen détaillé de ces deux formes de FR permet de mettre en lumière les différences et les similitudes entre ces deux formes de faux souvenirs.
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