Les pratiques d’enseignement de l’histoire au secondaire sont reconnues comme présentant certaines caractéristiques communes : prédominance de l’enseignement magistral, centration sur les contenus historiques plutôt que sur les compétences, par exemple. Cet article s’arrête sur ce constat et cherche à lui donner sens en analysant les pratiques de cinq enseignants sur le plan didactique et sur le plan de normes organisant leur travail. La question de la norme prend ainsi plusieurs figures dans cette recherche. De fait, l’observation des pratiques permet de cerner les normes disciplinaires façonnant le travail de ces enseignants d’histoire, de même que la manière dont les prescriptions officielles sont reçues, intégrées et transformées par ceux-ci alors qu’ils cherchent à se construire un « milieu d’action » viable. Les résultats montrent que ces enseignants possèdent une culture disciplinaire propre, marquée par une centration sur l’organisation et la transmission des savoirs historiques et s’exprimant dans la construction de ce que nous nommons le « cahier d’apprentissage fait maison ».
This article presents the Quebec ministry of education's (MELS) strategy for diversifying the national historical narrative that is transmitted in the province's History and Citizenship Education program as well as the manner in which Francophone national history teachers put this strategy into practice. In bringing research on their social representations and historical consciousness together, this paper looks at some of the main challenges that these teachers face when specifically harmonizing two of history teaching's central social functions for catering to narrative diversity. When seeking to adequately balance the transmission of a national identity reference framework with the development of autonomous critical thinking skills, it becomes clear that these teachers' general quest for positivist-type, true and objective visions of the past as well as their overall attachment to the main markers of their group's collective memory for knowing and acting Québécois impede them from fully embracing the diversification of the province's historical narrative. The article ends by raising some important questions regarding the relevance of assisting teachers to authentically develop their own voice and vision for harmonizing the two aforementioned functions of history teaching and for being answerable to the decisions they make when articulating and acting upon such beliefs in class.
OPEN ACCESSEduc. Sci. 2012, 2 256
Contredisant une vue commune selon laquelle les jeunes ne connaissent pas l'histoire de leur collectivit� d'appartenance, les auteurs, gr�ce � la cueillette de plus de 400 dissertations r�dig�es par des �l�ves, des c�g�piens et des �tudiants r�sidant dans la ville et la r�gion de Qu�bec, font ressortir le contraire. Analysant la vision de l'aventure historique qu�b�coise qui ressort de ces textes, ils s'interrogent sur les conditions de formation de cette vision caract�ris�e de l'histoire qu�b�coise. Ce faisant, les auteurs entrent au c�ur de la m�moire historique des jeunes Qu�b�cois. Ils entreprennent d'en d�couvrir les fondements dans la m�moire collective des Qu�b�cois. Ils se penchent enfin sur la possibilit� de r�viser cette m�moire dans le cadre d'une pratique p�dagogique r�nov�e.
Based on the collection of more than 400 essays written by students attending high school, general and vocational college, and university in the Quebec City region, the authors refute the popular belief that young people do not know the history of the community to which they belong. By analyzing the students' views of the Qu�b�cois historical adventure found in the texts, the authors question the sine qua none education responsible for this view of Qu�b�cois history and by extension, touch the core of the students' historical memory. The authors attempt to discover the foundations of the Quebec collective memory. Lastly, the authors suggest the possibility of revisiting this memory in the context of a renewed teaching methodology.
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