JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 185.44.78.129 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 23:18:32 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Saburo SugiyamaTeotEhuacan was probably laid out from its inception according to a master plan intended to express a specific worldview in material form. It is argued that a proposed measurement unit of 83 cm reveals mesoamerican calendrical numbers such as 52 (x 10), 73, 260, 584, and 819, when applied to city axes and major monuments. The channelized Rio San Juan divides the central zone into two sections: the watery underworld to the south, especially represented at the Ciudadela, and to the north the earthly representation of the passage from the underworld to the heavens, where the Sun Pyramid at the center symbolizes a sacred time bundle in the 260-day ritual calendar. The sacrificial burial complex found at the Feathered Serpent Pyramid seems to have been a part of the city-foundation program, and the iconography of the pyramid apparently commemorated this dramatization of the creation of time and space.Este articulo trata de identificar elfenomeno ideologico expresado en datos arquitectonicos, planiRacion de la ciudad, iconografa y enterramientos. Se propone que la ciudad de Teotikuacan fue planeada desde sus inicios con elfin de plasmar una cosmovision especifica a partir de un plan maestro. Para su contrastacion, se introduce como estrategia un estudio preliminar acerca de la unidad de longitud usada en Teotikuacan (83 cm). Al aplicarse dicha unidad a las medidas de monumentos mayores y otras obras publicas, se observa que los multiplos de esta unidad revelan numeros calendaricos mesoamericanos, tales como 52 (x 10), 73, 260, 584 y 819. Este articulo tambien propone que la parte canalizada del Rio San Juan dividio en dos secciones basicas la zona central de la ciudad. El inframundo acuoso esta simbolizado por la seccion sur, particularmente representado en la Ciudadela, y la seccion norte representa el paso del inframundo hacia el cielo. En este sector, la Piramide del Sol se ubica exactamente en el centro, y aparentemente simbolizaba un atado del tiempo sagrado en el calendario ritual de 260 dias. El complejo de sacrificios humanos descubiertos recientemente en el Templo de Quetzalcoatl parece haber sido una parte integral en la planificacion, disenada y realizada por el estado para plasmar esta cosmovision. La iconografa de este ediRio aparentemente conmemora la dramatizacion de la creacion del tiempo y el espacio. Se concluye que estos programas para manifestar una cosmovision especifica, llevados a cabo durante siglos con un vinculo entre si, afectaron significativamente a la formacion sociopolitica y economica del estado y al urbanismo de Teotikua...

A series of highly elaborated burial/offering complexes have been discovered recently in association with seven superimposed monumental constructions at the Moon Pyramid. The archaeological contexts excavated during the past seven years indicate that these dedicatory complexes were symbols of a state religious ideology and communicated sociopolitical information on behalf of ruling elites. Rich artifacts made of obsidian, greenstone, shell, pyrite, ceramics, wood, and textile, as well as abundant skeletal remains of sacrificed animals and human beings, stand out in these unusual ritual deposits. Many of the offerings possess strong connotations of warfare and ritual sacrifice. After describing the five burial/offering complexes and discussing their possible function and religious significance, we conclude that, when the expanding Teotihuacan state orchestrated these monumental constructions, the most important ritual paraphernalia was buried in the new enlargement programs to express the ideology of sacred rulership.

The Moon Pyramid is the second largest monument at Teotihuacan and represents a key source of information regarding the state polity and its underlying ideology. It was little known archaeologically until now. Extensive excavations around the pyramid and tunnel operations within its nucleus have discovered an elaborate architectural sequence, including seven overlapping monumental constructions and five burial complexes of sacrificed individuals and sacred animals associated with rich offerings. The excavations in nearby structures and the three-dimensional mapping of the Moon Plaza complex provide valuable new data relevant to better understanding the ancient city, including its foundation and urbanization processes and the ideology of leadership that was materialized by successive monumental constructions.

Mesoamerica has an important role in the expansion of Paleoamericans as the route to South America. In this study, we determined complete mitogenome sequences of 113 unrelated individuals from two indigenous populations of Mesoamerica, Mazahua and Zapotec. All newly sequenced mitogenomes could be classified into haplogroups A2, B2, C1 and D1, but one sequence in Mazahua was D4h3a, a subclade of haplogroup D4. This haplogroup has been mostly found in South America along the Pacific coast. Haplogroup X2a was not found in either population. Genetic similarity obtained using phylogenetic tree construction and principal component analysis showed that these two populations are distantly related to each other. Actually, the Mazahua and the Zapotec shared no sequences (haplotypes) in common, while each also showed a number of unique subclades. Surprisingly, Zapotec formed a cluster with indigenous populations living in an area from central Mesoamerica to Central America. By contrast, the Mazahua formed a group with indigenous populations living in external areas, including southwestern North America and South America. This intriguing genetic relationship suggests the presence of two paleo-Mesoamerican groups, invoking a scenario in which one group had expanded into South America and the other resided in Mesoamerica.