A substantial portion of cervical spine injuries occurs due to maxillofacial trauma. A delay in the identification of cervical injuries can result in major neurological issues, paralysis, and even death. Therefore, early detection of cervical fractures in patients with maxillofacial trauma is crucial. Aim: The goal of the study is to assess the incidence of cervico-spinal injuries in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore for the duration of one year from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 120 maxillofacial trauma patients treated at the oral surgery department. By using computed tomography, lateral and anteroposterior X-rays; all patients were evaluated for cervical spine injuries. The dependent and independent variables' information was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Results: In 4 (3.3%) patients, cervical spine and maxillofacial injuries were found. Six males and two women were involved in the ten Cervical-spine injuries. The ratio of men to women was 4:1. Despite the low frequency of cervical injuries related with maxillofacial fractures, suitable and precise recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of these cervical injuries must be adopted to avoid permanent disability and even death. Keywords: Frequency, Maxillofacial trauma, Cervical spine injury

Dexamethasone is highly sensitive to low dosages and is widely used in oral surgical procedures with variable dosage, timing and route of administration. Aim of the study: Comparison of the results of treatment with placebo and dexamethasone in terms of the edema and mean pain at the surgical site in patients with osteosynthesis of the mandible. Methods: This randomised controlled trial was held in the Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of different dental hospitals of Lahore for one-year duration from June 2021 to May 2022. A total of 100 patients with mandibular fractures of both sexes, aged 20 to 60, were included in the study. Patients with other associated facial fractures, patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, heart and kidney disease due to chronic drug use, and pregnant women were excluded. The experimental group was given eight milligrams of dexamethasone with submucosal infiltration at the surgical incision site and the normal saline was given in the control group. Edema and pain were evaluated by means of visual analog scale at a nine-line measurement at twenty-four and seventy-two hours postoperatively, respectively. Results: In this study, 24 hours after the procedure, the visual analog scale was 2.16 ± 0.89 in group I (experimental group) and 3.51 ± 1.23 in group II (placebo group) and 2.29 ± 0.89 in control group and 0.62 ± 0.19 in group given dexamethasone at seventy-two hours. Postoperative edema score was significantly less up to 4.26 ± 1.42 in patients receiving group I (dexamethasone), in comparison to group II (placebo group) 5.38 ± 1.01 twenty-four hours afterwards surgical procedure and 2.06 ± 0.64 in the placebo group and 0.042 ± 1.23 in the group given dexamethasone at seventy-two hours. Conclusions: This study found that patients with osteosynthesis of the mandible had lower rates of pain and swelling after applying dexamethasone to the surgical site. Keywords: Dexamethasone, Mandibular osteosynthesis, Edema.