<p>To determinate self-compatible genotypes for increasing autogamy yielded, the ten sunflower genotypes were sown under four pollination methods i.e., open-, self-, hand- and sib-pollinations in a randomized complete block design replicated thrice at Kafr-El-Hamam Agricultural research Station, Sharkia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons. Significant variation existed for different pollination treatments, genotypes and their interactions for all studied traits. Among the treatments, open pollination followed by sibbing one was regarded as the best pollination treatment for head diameter, number of filled seeds per head, percentage of seed setting , kernel to hull ratio, seed mass per plant, seed yield per fed and seed oil content. Autogamy studies revealed that ‘L120’ followed by ‘L92’ and ‘L880’ recorded higher proportion of autogamy and self-compatibility. Preferred improvement of seed mass per plant may be achieved through selecting genotypes having the largest head diameter, bigger number of filled seeds per head, the highest proportion of seed setting and the heaviest seed, kernel and hull mass as proven by high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance (as % of mean) as well as correlation and path analyses at both phenotypic and genotypic levels.</p>

This study is a part of an extended investigation that aims to clarify the nemastatic activity of two commercial formulations of resistance inducers; Bio-arc and Nemastrol against Meloidogyne incognita infected sugar-beet in vitro and in vivo. Generally, data indicate that the ability of all individuals of the stage juveniles to penetrate the roots and develop into the next stage with a shortage of the duration of the life cycle in sandy soil compared to clayey soil. The results showed that Nemastrol caused a significant reduction in the percentage of penetration of M. incognita at the second-stage juveniles. Bio-arc ranked the second one comparing to control in clayey and sandy soil. The duration of developmental four juvenile stages, as well as egg-laying females, have a clear reduction with Nemastrol in clayey and sandy soil more than Bioarc comparing to control. The length of the life cycle varies, as treatments by Nemastrol were longer than Bio-arc in clayey and sandy soil (2-24 and 9-24 days), respectively. Besides, Nemastrol showed a poor formation of irregular giant cells devoided from the cytoplasm and contained less number of nuclei.

This research paper was carried out in the net house at the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), throughout two tested seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to investigate the effect of using rice straw as a growing substrate (bale & ditch) on vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of two cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Hilda as indeterminate variety and Nebraska determinate variety compared to conventional cultivation in soil. Seedlings were cultivated at 1 st September in two growing seasons. Study was included three treatments with 4 replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design. Results indicated that plants grown on ditch rice straw treatment as substrate reflected the highest positive effect on vegetative growth characters (plant length, number of leaves/plant and stem diameter), leaves mineral content of N. P. K and yield and its components (total yield/plant, and fiber content on pods) at both studied cultivars. While, the lowest negative effect on those characters was observed with bale rice straw treatment. Moreover, raised bed clay (control) treatment was replaced in second place after the treatment of ditch rice straw. In addition, cultivation into straw ditch consumed lower quantities of water than other treatments. Finally, straw ditch substrate may be recommended for increasing common bean productivity and decreasing water utilization beneath net house conditions.

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