Background: Neurolinguists investigated the role of BA in language production in terms of what phonological or syntactic aspects are impaired.

Background: While language-related tests including communication activities of daily living-second edition (CADL-2) test showed that alike were able to test language-related functional and communication skills, psychoneurolinguists and speech language pathologists/ Therapists (SLP/Ts)'s responses varied between accepting or rejecting the results of this test. Purpose: Previous studies suggest that results of CADL-2 do not differ with both gender aphasics suffering from different language impairments. Thus, the current study tested the validity and reliability of this test among Arab aphasics. Design: CADL-2 Pre-and-posttest was administered twice in three weeks to test the communication activities of daily living of 100 aphasic participants of both sexes.

Background: Prepositions pose major problems when translated from English into Arabic. The accurate mappings between English-Arabic prepositions are sometimes very difficult to determine by Arab learners. Aims: This study is designed to identify the difficulties of translating the English prepositions at, in and on, which Saudi EFL students may face when translating them into Arabic. The purpose was to determine which type of the two sexes (males or females) can translate these three prepositions better. Methods: Fifty (50) Saudi EFL students (25 males, 25 females) were asked to translate twenty (20) sentences and phrases on English prepositions at, in, and on into Arabic. Conclusions: Findings revealed that Saudi EFL students face problems related to use and usage when transferring simple prepositions from English into Arabic. Significant differences related to the performances of both males and females where females scored higher marks than those scored by the males. These findings suggest that acquired skills and abilities involved in translation appear to be more strongly activated in the English-Arabic tasks in women as compared to men.

Background: While language-related tests including communication activities of daily living-second edition (CADL-2) test showed that alike were able to test language-related functional and communication skills, psychoneurolinguists and speech language pathologists/ Therapists (SLP/Ts)'s responses varied between accepting or rejecting the results of this test.Purpose: Previous studies suggest that results of CADL-2 do not differ with both gender aphasics suffering from different language impairments. Thus, the current study tested the validity and reliability of this test among Arab aphasics.Design: CADL-2 Pre-and-posttest was administered twice in three weeks to test the communication activities of daily living of 100 aphasic participants of both sexes. Settings: Al Khars hospital in Al Ahsa'a, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Participants:A total of 100 (50 men and 50 women) gender aphasic participants who suffer from different language deficits were enrolled in this experimental study. Procedures: Having the English version of CADL-2 translated into Arabic and standardized by three Arabic language experts, the first CADL-2 (Arabic version) test (pre-test) was administered to the participants under investigation in the first week and after two weeks (exactly at the end of the third week)., the second CADL-2 (posttest) was administered. Both tests were conducted in natural environment without any influence from testers or participants' families. Interventions:Results including gender-specific differences were qualitatively and statistically analyzed and comparisons were made to illustrate these results. Main outcomes & Results:The analysis results of each aphasic participant show that no significant differences were observed in CADL-2 pre-and-posttest. The test could test what it was supposed to test. Moreover, the results of the participants' pre-and-posttest are similar with mean of percentile in the pre-and-posttest surging 29.5% and 28.6% and Stanine scores surging 3.4% and 3.32% for males in comparison to the female aphasic participants who scored 28.16% and 28.78% in the percentile and 3.38% and 3.38% in the Stanine scores. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the level of aphasics' communication activities is low. Such results prove that the test is also reliable. Conclusions & Implications:CADL-2 is considered to be a validated tool for the assessment of Arab aphasic patients of both sexes. These results also provide much needed quantitative data for the diagnosis of language impairments in Arab aphasic patients.

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