Although a few studies have shown that vascularity is increased from normal mucosa to dysplasia to carcinoma suggesting that disease progression in the oral mucosa is accompanied by angiogenesis. The role in lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is equivocal. Role of angiogenesis in OSCC development and metastasis is evaluated in this study. This retrospective study of 50 samples consisted of 9 normal buccal mucosa, 22 leukoplakias, and 19 OSCC. Polyclonal antibodies to von-Willebrand factor were used to highlight the microvessels. Images were captured and morphometric image analysis was done for microvessel density (MVD), area, and perimeter. Highest, as well as mean values of these three parameters were compared. MVD and perimeter, but not area, are significantly different between normal mucosa and OSCC, and leukoplakia and OSCC. There were no differences between normal mucosa and leukoplakia. MVD, area, and perimeter were not significantly different between the OSCC with and without lymph node metastasis. The highest and mean values of MVD are significantly correlated. In the development of OSCC, angiogenic phenotypic change occurs in carcinomas rather than in the pre-cancerous stage, and quantification of angiogenesis in OSCC does not predict the risk of lymph node metastasis.

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECMT) is a rare benign intraoral tumor. Clinically, it presents as a slow growing, painless, firm, submucosal sweling exclusively occurring on the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Till date only 40 cases have been reported in literature. Histopathologically the tumor is characterized by a well circumscribed, lobular proliferation of round, polygonal, ovoid or fusiform cells in a net-like pattern in a myxoid to chondromyxoid background. Here, we present a rare case of ECMT occurring in a 7-year-old boy and throw some light on this distinct entity.

As we did not detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in any of the OLP cases, we question the role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of OLP planus if any.

Background:Dysregulation of cell cycle is a fundamental hallmark of cancer progression. Cyclin D1, part of complex molecular system regulating G1-S point of cell cycle is overexpressed in variety of tumors.Aims:To look for its immunohistochemical expression in clinically normal mucosa from patients with and without tobacco habits, leukoplakia; and correlate its expression to individual atypical morphologic features, as seen in hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) sections of leukoplakia exhibiting dysplasia.Materials and Methods:We examined the expression of cyclin D1 in immunohistochemically stained sections of 15 normal buccal mucosa without any habits (group 1), 30 clinically normal mucosa from tobacco habituιs (group 2) and 30 leukoplakias exhibiting dysplasias (group 3). Descriptive statistical analysis performed. Results presented on Mean ± Standard deviation and in number (%). Adjusted Wald 95% Confidence Interval (CI) computed, percentages of morphological features assessed by Laplace estimate. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis test used to find the percentage expression of cyclin D1.Results:Expression of cyclin D1 in group 3 was significantly higher than in group 1 and 2 (P < 0.001, P = 0.028), expression in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (P = 0.003) and were statistically significant. Generally expression of cyclin D1 was confined to lower one-third of epithelium and was highest in mild dysplasias. Among 13 atypical morphologic features, cyclin D1 expression consistently correlated with basilar hyperplasia.Conclusion:The altered pattern of cyclin D1 expression here may be an early event in conversion of normal epithelium into dysplastic epithelium and may serve as a biomarker of oral carcinogenesis. Its expression may be increased in tobacco habitués. Basilar hyperplasia should be given additional weightage in the grading system in predicting the fate of affected epithelium.

Enamel renal syndrome is a unique syndrome associated with kidney agenesis associated with kidney agenesis, amelogenesis imperfecta, and gingival hyperplasia. The prevalence rate of this rare syndrome is <1/1,000,000. A 17-year-old male patient came to the department of periodontics, with a chief complaint of dislodged crown in the anterior teeth region. On clinical examination, the patient had teeth with mottled enamel and gingival enlargement. The orthopantomograph and gingival biopsy revealed pulpal calcification and gingival calcification, respectively. Furthermore, the renal ultrasonography revealed absence/agenesis of the left kidney. Thus, based on radiographical, histological, and ultrasound investigations, the patient was diagnosed with nephrocalcinosis syndrome. The patient was treated with periodontal therapy and prosthodontic full-mouth rehabilitation. This case report highlights the need of a periodontist to be acquainted about the signs and symptoms of the syndrome to benefit an individual in the right diagnosis and treatment plan.