Water quality is the critical environmental determinant that influences the agricultural production and therefore, the economy that solely depends on its agricultural productions. Batiaghata Upazilla is one of the major crop productive areas of Khulna region and the agricultural production here largely depends on the natural water of the Shailmari River system around it. The present study was conducted to assess the suitability of this coastal river water for irrigational use. 66 water samples were collected during this study in three consecutive agricultural seasons, viz., pre-monsoon (22), monsoon (22) and post-monsoon (22) from 11 sampling stations within the river system considering the high (11) and ebb (11) tides for each station. Standard methods were followed throughout the study period for the collection of the samples and analysis of major physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, salinity, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO 3 , SO 4 , NO 3 and PO 4 ). Hydrocehmical characterization using Piper trilinear diagram shows that the water of the river system is Na-Cl dominated saline water type in pre-monsoon, whilst most of the samples of the river and the connected channel are characterized as fresh water of Ca-Mg-Na-HCO 3 and Ca-Na-Mg-HCO 3 types in monsoon and post-monsoon respectively. The calculated values of chemical indices like SAR, %Na, KI, PI and MH using the results of the analysed parameters indicate that the river water is chemically unsuitable for use in irrigation during pre-monsoon, while in the monsoon and post-monsoon the river water is within good to permissible limit for the use in the agricultural fields. However,
People, ecosystems and resources are three crucial components for understanding resource use conflicts. This study examines resource use conflicts in two coastal villages of south-western Bangladesh, where access to resources are essential to rural livelihoods. Resource utilization conflicts can emerge when interests and needs of different users groups are incompatible or denied by each other. Considering these issues, this study has taken as an effort to explore the issues, reasons, stage, scale and impact of conflicts. Relevant data were collected through questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII). The study found that rapid encroachment of crop land into shrimp farming, contrasting dynamic occupational practices, human made over use or overstrain of natural resources combined with environmental degradation and climate change, pose serious threat to human security. These rapid, and mostly unexpected changes provoke conflicts among the dominant resource user groups. Moreover, driver of conflicts and typological classification were addressed to make them comparable in the sense which one requires the most attention according to the predicted scale and urgency of impact. Conflict management strategies were discussed by four building blocks which might be a remarkable part of conflict prevention in the study area.
The present study was carried out to characterize leachate from waste dumping site and its impact on surrounding surface water quality at Rajbandh in Khulna. For this purpose, surface water samples (10) and leachate samples (5) were taken from the site during two season the monsoon season and post monsoon respectively. The samples were taken during the daytime from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m because at midday the temperature rises and the physico-chemical parameters of the water are modified. Some physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Iron (Fe2+), Phosphate (PO43-), Sulfate (SO42-), Nitrate (NO32-) were analyzed in the laboratory in accordance with standard laboratory procedure. As well as some heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Manganese, Iron and Zinc were also analyzed in the laboratory. It is observed that, the physicochemical characteristics of surface water and leachate samples vary among the parameters in two seasons throughout the study period. The concentration of TDS and EC were found to be high in leachate compare to surface water samples that might be caused due to the existence of high-level various anions and soluble salts with other inorganic components. In monsoon the TDS values ranged from 3227 ± 2357 for leachate and 737 ± 498 for surface water samples whereas in post-monsoon the variation followed by 4640 ± 1790 and 803 ± 232 for surface water and leachate respectively. In case of EC for leachate it varied from 3630 ± 1397 and 4900 ± 1734 for monsoon and post-monsoon seasons correspondingly but varied from 1473 ± 498 in monsoon and 1627 ± 473 in post-monsoon for surface water samples. The high concentration of BOD (3.91 ± 1.54 in monsoon and 6.25 ± 3.27 in post- monsoon) and COD (117.80 ± 58.31 in monsoon and 229.39 ± 166.55 in post-monsoon) value were found in surface water samples compared to leachate samples. In case of Cr for leachate it varied from 0.081 ± 0.029 and 0.070 ± 0.026 for monsoon and post-monsoon seasons correspondingly. As well as the concentration of Cd (0.023± 0.006 in monsoon and 0.087±0.068 in post monsoon) and Pb (0.35±0.109 in monsoon and 0.025±0.013 in post monsoon) varied greatly during both season. The concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cr and Mn in surface water samples was also greater than 0.001mg/l. Further for leachate COD was very strongly correlated with TDS and cadmium. Magnesium was significantly correlated with potassium. For surface water sample TDS was significantly correlated with EC and pH. Chloride was significantly correlated with Cd and pb was correlated with calcium. This study recommended that the authority should take proper steps for the management of waste as well as give emphasis on the leachate collection.
At Shailmari River basin, located in the central Ganges Delta and the southwestern coastal Bangladesh, groundwater is the only potable source for water supply due to incompatible surface water sources. However, salinity degradation along with arsenic and iron contamination poses a serious health threat to the basin community. Considering this, an investigation was carried out along both banks of the river to assess groundwater vulnerability and its quality for drinking by conducting multi-seasonal water sampling campaigns from 20 domestic wells and analyses (both in-situ and laboratory) for several physico-chemical (pH, EC, TDS and major ions) and biological (coliforms) parameters. The results show slightly alkaline groundwater in the study area with largely variable chemical composition, i.e. EC varies from around 1900 to 2700 µS/cm. The abundance of major ions indicates as Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + for cations and 3 HCO − > Cl − > 2 4 SO − > 3 NO − > 3 4 PO − for anions. As per the Canadian water quality index (CCMEWQI), almost all groundwater samples concentrate in the marginal category meaning that groundwater is frequently threatened. Besides, it is not fully safe for drinking as revealed from comparison of geochemical data with national and WHO water quality standards.
This study focuses on how gender and political engagement contribute to disaster management in Bangladesh, specifically in disaster relief and rehabilitation. It is based on empirical evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh, particularly in Dacope Upazila, and applies a mixed-method approach. Results show that gender has a significant influence on the acquisition of post-disaster relief and rehabilitation supports. Females, including those widowed and divorced, get more relief than males. Nevertheless, older women are not given priority for aftermath disaster relief. Moreover, gender plays a vital role in the household’s overall economic strength and is crucial for disaster resilience. Furthermore, respondents’ families who were, in some way, closely connected with local social and political leaders, obtained more relief and aids. The results indicate that socio-political connectedness, irrespective of gender, still dominates local decision-making processes in disaster recovery. Alongside women’s empowerment, regular monitoring and evaluation of relief and rehabilitation programs must improve, to reduce the traditional barriers to effective disaster management (arising from (dis)connectedness to local social power) in the face of climate change.
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