Abstract. Land subsidence is effecting several metropolis in the developing as well as developed countries around the world such as Nagoya (Japan), Shanghai (China), Venice (Italy) and San Joaquin valley (United States). This phenomenon is attributed to natural as well as anthropogenic activities that include extensive groundwater withdrawals. Quetta which is facing similar subsidence phenomenon is the largest city of Balochistan province in Pakistan. This valley is mostly dry and ground water is the major source for domestic and agricultural consumption. The unplanned use of ground water resources has led to the deterioration of water quality and quantity in the Quetta valley. Water shortages in the region was further aggravated by the drought during (1998–2004) that affected the area forcing people to migrate from rural to urban areas. Refugees from the war torn neighboring Afghanistan also contributed to rapid increase in population of Quetta valley that has increased from 0.26 million in 1975 to 3.0 million in 2016. The objective of this study was to measure the land subsidence in Quetta valley and identify the effects of groundwater withdrawals on land subsidence. To achieve this goal, data from five Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in Quetta were acquired and processed. Furthermore the groundwater decline data from 41 observation wells during 2010 to 2015 were calculated and compared with the land deformation. The results of the GPS readings revealed that the land of Quetta valley is subsiding from 30 mm yr−1 on the flanks to 120 mm yr−1 in the central part. 1.5–5.0 m yr−1 of groundwater level drop was recorded in the area where the rate of subsidence is highest. Whereas 9–10 cm of subsidence was recorded in the surrounding areas of Quetta where agriculture and settlements are high. The surrounding areas include Kuchlak, Mastung, Pishin, Gulistan and Hurumzai districts. These results were acquired using InSAR imagery collected from October 2014 to march 2019. So the extensive groundwater withdrawals in Quetta valley and surrounding areas is considered to be the driving force behind land subsidence.

A large number of children are engaged in child labour as domestic worker and this trend is common in developing countries. Child domestic labor is usually practiced in rural and urban areas across Pakistan. Even educated and well-to-do people frequently engage young children to work in their homes as domestics, kitchen assistants or baby-sitters. In worse forms, child domestic labor takes place over very unfair tools, counting child trafficking and bonded labor. The aim of the present study is to examine the Socioeconomic characteristics of respondent's causes of child domestic labor. Universe of the study was Quetta city and 120 respondents were selected through snow ball sampling. According to findings of the study the child laborers work for longer hours on low wages. They often face physical abuse and some time sexual abuse by their employers. The need is to implement the labour laws so that children can be protected from domestic labour.

This research paper aimed to gain further knowledge regarding the relationship between community development, education, health and nutrition. The main objective of this research is to help the slum community to explore the processes involved in tackling social issues within the community. Globally the scenario is changing as developing nations are focusing more on poverty reduction and community development, because it is now considered as the root cause of all social issues. Therefore, it is needed to evaluate the intensity of issues in order to develop effective policies and development programs to reach the SDG goals. Unstructured face-to-face interviews were conducted in selected slum areas to educate people by using educational action research for maintaining their standard of living in regard to education, health and nutrition. The main purpose of this paper was to involve respondents as research participants in order to mobilize them for future development processes within the community. Two slum areas (Ghazi Goth and Bilawal Jokhio Goth) of diverse cultures and infrastructure were selected as the population of the study. Qualitative research method was chosen to conduct in-depth study through observation and case study method. The research findings indicate that poverty is the basic issue, which needs to be addressed on priority basis, for this purpose encouraging, supporting and enabling individuals within the community can raise the awareness level by involving them through easy access to opportunities. Participants from local community can empower their own community people, because they are well aware of their culture and community issues.

Water is the fundamental need of living beings. It is necessary for manageable advancement, including the protection of common habitat, mitigation of destitution and craving. Like other nations a number of areas in Pakistan are also facing the problem of water scarcity. The present investigation has been made to explore various implications of water scarcity on inhabitants of Quetta district Balochistan. The study depends on essential information gathered from agriculturists and different personals through focused group discussions and questionnaire survey. Stratified random sampling method was used whereas the sample size comprised of 400. For analyzing the data, chi-square method is applied to find out the existing relationships between variables, where alpha value is standardised at 0.05. Although no association could be established among the study groups, however, the results clearly indicated that the level of ground and surface water is scarce. The scarcity of Water has negatively impacted the agriculture, trees, economy and health of the people in the study area. The scarcity of water has also compelled people for migration to other areas. The results suggested that government should make further dams, guiding the population and the farmers on proper use of water and advocating the general public to obey regulations regarding water mining.

Water is the fundamental need of living beings. It is necessary for manageable advancement, including the protection of common habitat, mitigation of destitution and craving. Like other nations a number of areas in Pakistan are also facing the problem of water scarcity. The present investigation has been made to explore various implications of water scarcity on inhabitants of Quetta district Balochistan. The study depends on essential information gathered from agriculturists and different personals through focused group discussions and questionnaire survey. Stratified random sampling method was used whereas the sample size comprised of 400. For analyzing the data, chi-square method is applied to find out the existing relationships between variables, where alpha value is standardised at 0.05. Although no association could be established among the study groups, however, the results clearly indicated that the level of ground and surface water is scarce. The scarcity of Water has negatively impacted the agriculture, trees, economy and health of the people in the study area. The scarcity of water has also compelled people for migration to other areas. The results suggested that government should make further dams, guiding the population and the farmers on proper use of water and advocating the general public to obey regulations regarding water mining.